Ship Lighting Marine Lighting Vessel Lighting Solutions

Ship lighting is essential for ship navigation, operation and the lives of ship management staff. It usually includes lighting to ensure navigation safety and personnel safety (e.g. navigation lights, signal lights, lifeboat area lighting), ship’s workplace lighting (e.g. cockpit, cabin and deck loading and unloading lighting) and living area lighting. Different from the land lighting system, ship lighting system according to the different power supply can be divided into the main lighting, emergency lighting, temporary emergency lighting and navigational lights and signal lights lighting several types.

1. Main lighting system (normal lighting system)

Ship’s main lighting system, also known as the normal lighting system, distributed in the ship inside and outside the various living and working places, to provide the compartments and workplaces have enough illumination. Normal lighting is the main lighting of the whole ship, powered by the ship’s main generator, through the main switchboard lighting convergence row directly to the lighting substation box power supply, and then by the lighting substation box to the neighboring compartments or areas of the lighting fixtures power supply. Normal lighting includes: 1. cabin main lighting, such as most of the roof lights; 2. local or auxiliary lighting, such as bed lamps, wall lamps, washroom lamps, etc.; 3. loading and unloading of cargo lighting; 4. indoor and outdoor aisles more than half of the lighting; 5. each cabin must be equipped with sockets and so on.

2. Emergency lighting system (large emergency lighting)

Emergency lighting is put into use when the main power grid fails to work. Emergency lighting from the emergency distribution board through the emergency lighting substation box power supply, the voltage can be the same as normal lighting, can also be used for low-voltage electricity. Ship emergency lighting system is mainly distributed in the cabin of the important places, crew and passenger cabins, boat decks and personnel passages. This lighting requirements in all other power failures and in a variety of cross-tilt conditions, at least maintain 3h; emergency lighting should be obvious signs, or in the structure of the selection and general lighting lamps and lanterns are different.

3. Temporary emergency lighting (small emergency lighting)

In the main lighting and emergency lighting system failure, temporary emergency lighting system should be able to play a role. It is less light points, no illumination requirements, lamps and lanterns coated with red paint mark. Mainly distributed in the bridge, the ship’s important channel, escalator mouth and cabin important premises. Small emergency lighting powered by battery packs, and the main, emergency lighting system with electrical interlocking; temporary emergency lighting system shall not use fluorescent lamps as a light source, and shall not be set on-site switch. It should be able to supply power continuously for more than 30 min.

4. Navigation light and signal light system

1. Navigation light: it is an independent part of ship’s lighting system, which is an important light signal to ensure the safe navigation of the ship at night. In any case, it must be ensured that it is bright to indicate the ship’s position, status, type, presence or absence of tugboats, etc., so as to prevent misunderstanding by the surrounding or passing ships, resulting in marine accidents. Navigation lights are composed of foremast light, mainmast light, stern light, port and starboard lights and fore and aft anchor lights, which are used for night navigation of the ship and indicating the ship’s status and corresponding position. A special control box or control board for navigation lights is set up on the bridge, which is powered by two circuits: the main distribution board and the emergency distribution board. Navigation light bulbs are generally 60W double filament incandescent lamps. Each lamp is a double set, one of them as a backup, can be switched on the control box.

2. Signal light: It is a ship in a variety of special circumstances of the light sign, especially at night, is one of the indispensable tools for communication and liaison. Signal light control is generally centralized in the driver’s station, requiring two-way power supply. There are many kinds of signal lights. In order to adapt to the special requirements of some countries’ ports and narrow waterways, the signal light settings of ocean-going vessels are more complex. These signals are usually installed on the top of the cockpit dedicated signal mast or radar mast, in accordance with the provisions of a number of (8 to 12) red, green, white and other colors of the ring light into two or three lines installed.

5. searchlight, also known as “searchlight”, is a spotlight.

Often installed on both sides of the cab, and requires a horizontal search of the angle of illumination to be large, as far as possible not to be covered by the superstructure. Searchlights are mainly used to search the water at night.

6. floodlights, also known as “bright light”.

“Lighting lamp” or ‘work light’. Used for lighting the work area on deck. Floodlights are arranged in the following parts: 2 behind the first anchor, the device in front of the foremast. 2 to 4 lights for the aft deck mooring area, fitted at the rear end of the superstructure. The lifting columns of the boom or lifting equipment and the underside of the boom of the electro-hydraulic crane. Lifeboat davits on both sides of the rack, put gas-expanded life raft work area and gangway or gangway entrance and exit above, etc..

7. Cabin roof light, white light.

Ship cabins outside the walkway at the ceiling are equipped with waterproof cabin roof lights, rectangular and round two kinds, they are with a protective cover to prevent the lampshade is broken by the wind and waves.

Common navigational signal lights:

(1) Mast light: It is a kind of white signal light installed on the mast of the ship front and rear according to the international navigation rules. Used to indicate the direction of night sailing ship, placed in the ship’s centerline above the bow and stern, higher than other lights, and from the front of the ship to each side of the transverse rear 22.5 ° in 225 ° of the horizontal arc of light to show uninterrupted light of the white light. It is mainly used to show the ship’s dynamics and scale and identify the scale and dynamics of other ships, and for the judgment of the ship to meet and close to meet the situation of the visual device.

(2) Gangway light: it refers to the red light installed on the port side which emits uninterrupted red light in the 112.5° horizontal arc from the bow to the left when the ship is sailing and the green light installed on the starboard side which emits uninterrupted green light in the 112.5° horizontal arc from the bow to the right when the ship is sailing. Its device to make the light from the front of the ship to the respective side of the transverse back within 22.5 degrees respectively.

(3) Stern light: means a white light placed as close as possible to the stern of the boat and showing uninterrupted light. It displays a 135° horizontal arc of light from directly aft to within 67.5° of each side of the ship. Its visibility distance according to the captain respectively required for 3 and 2nmile. used to display the ship’s dynamic and identify the other ship’s dynamic, and for the judgment of the ship’s cross-encounter situation or follow the cross.

(4) Towing light: It is placed above the tail light and has the same horizontal light arc of 135° as the tail light. According to the provisions of the International Regulations for Collision Avoidance, the minimum visibility required by the towing light for ships with a length greater than or equal to 50 meters is 3 nautical miles, and for ships with a length of less than 50 meters, the visibility required is 2 nautical miles.

(5) ring light: refers to the horizontal arc of 360 degrees in the display of uninterrupted light of the number of lights. For example, the front of the ship a white ring light that anchor light, the front anchor light should be higher than the rear anchor light greater than 4.5m, the length of the ship is greater than 50m, the front anchor light should be in the hull above the height of greater than 6m.

(6) Instrumentation light: reflecting the working condition of the indicated equipment, which can be seen in many places on the ship.

(7) Lighthouse: a large fixed navigational aid, the main structure is generally tower-shaped, the top is equipped with high-intensity light-emitting devices, light range is generally 15-25 nautical miles. Lighthouse for ships to determine the ship’s position, determine the direction of navigation, guide the ship navigation or indicate the danger zone (dangerous sandbars or reefs and the channel to the mouth of the harbor). They are often placed near important shipping lanes, coasts, harbors, rivers or dangerous obstructions with a wide view. However, along with the rapid development of navigation technology, radar transponder, DGPS system, AIS ship automatic identification system of integrated navigation system, the lighthouse’s navigation role is more and more weakened, the value of navigation in the diminishing, but it has a potential historical and cultural value, has become a humanistic geographic coordinates of the countries sought after.

(8) Buoys and light buoys: refers to a kind of navigational mark floating on the surface of the water, is anchored in the designated position, used to mark the scope of the waterway, indicating shallows, obstructions or indicating the water surface of the special purpose of the navigational aids. Floating buoys are the most numerous and widely used among the navigational markers, and they are set up in places where it is difficult or inappropriate to set up fixed navigational markers. Buoys equipped with lamps are called light buoys, which are used for navigational aids in navigable waters day and night.

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