{"id":2156,"date":"2025-03-02T16:56:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T08:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/?p=2156"},"modified":"2025-03-06T23:03:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:03:20","slug":"explosion-proof-measures-for-hazardous-chemicals-in-different-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/explosion-proof-equipment\/explosion-proof-measures-for-hazardous-chemicals-in-different-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Farkl\u0131 eyaletlerdeki tehlikeli kimyasallar i\u00e7in patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6nlemler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Farkl\u0131 eyaletlerde tehlikeli kimyasallar i\u00e7in patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6nlemler<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm I. Gaz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tipik olarak, bir yang\u0131n ba\u015flar ve daha sonra kademeli olarak yay\u0131l\u0131r ve geni\u015fler, hasar zamanla \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artar. Yang\u0131n i\u00e7in, ilk yang\u0131nla m\u00fccadele hala ge\u00e7erlidir. Patlamalar ise anidir ve \u00e7o\u011fu durumda patlama s\u00fcreci bir anda tamamlan\u0131r, can kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve maddi hasar bir anda meydana gelir. Ayr\u0131ca yang\u0131n da patlamaya neden olabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k alev ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki yang\u0131n yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin patlamas\u0131na neden olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin petrol veya patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde deposu yang\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc petrol varillerinin, patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n patlamas\u0131na neden olabilir; asetik asit gibi oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda patlamayacak baz\u0131 maddeler, yang\u0131nda y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda patlay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015f olabilir. Patlamalar ayn\u0131 zamanda yang\u0131nlara da neden olabilir, patlamalar yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin at\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlara neden olabilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc akaryak\u0131t tanklar\u0131nda patlama sonras\u0131 ya\u011f s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu nedenle, bir yang\u0131n durumunda, yang\u0131n\u0131n bir patlamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in: bir patlama meydana geldi\u011finde, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir yang\u0131n ba\u015flatma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate almak ve zaman\u0131nda \u00f6nleyici ve kurtarma tedbirleri almak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n tehlikeli \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) <\/strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 <\/strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n ana tehlikesi yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 olmalar\u0131d\u0131r ve patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda tutu\u015fabilir veya patlayabilir ve baz\u0131 yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck enerjili bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda patlayabilir. Havadaki yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n tutu\u015fma veya patlama zorluk derecesi, ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131 enerjisinin boyutunun etkisine ek olarak, esas olarak kimyasal bile\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kimyasal bile\u015fim, yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n yanma konsantrasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n boyutunu, y\u00fcksek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kendili\u011finden yanma noktas\u0131n\u0131, yanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretimini belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Dif\u00fczivite <\/strong>Gaz halindeki herhangi bir maddenin sabit bir \u015fekli veya hacmi yoktur ve herhangi bir kab\u0131 kendili\u011finden doldurabilir. Gazlar, geni\u015f molek\u00fcler aral\u0131klar\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etkile\u015fim kuvvetleri nedeniyle \u00e7ok kolay yay\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) B\u00fcz\u00fclebilirlik ve Geni\u015fleme <\/strong>Bir gaz\u0131n hacmi, s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki art\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flere tepki olarak geni\u015fler ve daral\u0131r ve geni\u015flemesi ve daralmas\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131nkinden \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) \u00fccretlendirildi <\/strong>Elektrostatik \u00fcretim prensibine g\u00f6re, herhangi bir nesnenin s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesi statik elektrik \u00fcretecektir. Hidrojen, etilen, asetilen, do\u011fal gaz, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol gaz\u0131 vb. gibi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaz da s\u00f6z konusudur. Borunun a\u011fz\u0131ndan veya y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda k\u0131r\u0131lan gaz, esas olarak gaz\u0131n kat\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar veya s\u0131v\u0131 safs\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle statik elektrik \u00fcretebilir. g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in nozul ile y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme bas\u0131nc\u0131. Safs\u0131zl\u0131klar ve ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 elektrostatik y\u00fcklerin olu\u015fumunu etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015earj edilebilirlik, yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n yang\u0131n tehlikesini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan parametrelerden biridir. Yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n \u015farj edilebilirli\u011fi bilgisi ile, ekipman\u0131n topraklanmas\u0131, ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesi gibi ilgili ihtiyati tedbirler al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerin patlay\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/strong>
<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle \u00e7e\u015fitli farkl\u0131 yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar ve yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar ve buharlar ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla farkl\u0131 patlama s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na sahiptir: ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar veya yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar ve patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n buharlar\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7, oksijen i\u00e7eri\u011fi, inert ortam, kab\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re sabit de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Yang\u0131n ve patlama kazalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in temel \u00f6nlemler<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yan\u0131c\u0131 bir gaz\u0131n patlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fulun mevcut olmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk olarak, yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar vard\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci olarak, hava mevcuttur ve yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n havaya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m oran\u0131 belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fuldan biri olmadan bir patlama meydana gelemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle, yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme ilkeleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol\u00fc; yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n ve havan\u0131n patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek; patlaman\u0131n yay\u0131lma yolunu kesmek, patlaman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bas\u0131nc\u0131 zaman\u0131nda tahliye etmek, patlaman\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesini ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n patlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek. Yukar\u0131daki ilkeler gaz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131v\u0131 buhar patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n ve toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) ate\u015flemenin kontrol\u00fc ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/strong>Yang\u0131na neden olan tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131 genellikle a\u00e7\u0131k alev, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve darbe, \u0131s\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fczeyleri, elektrik k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar\u0131, statik k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar vb. olup, bu t\u00fcr tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol\u00fc, yang\u0131n ve patlaman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi \u00e7ok gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. A\u00e7\u0131k alev <\/strong>esas olarak \u0131s\u0131tma yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini, kaynak yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011fer tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder, a\u00e7\u0131k alev yang\u0131n ve patlaman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n nedenidir, yan\u0131c\u0131 malzemelerin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k alev kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ve buhar veya di\u011fer \u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve Darbe <\/strong>K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar, makinede d\u00f6nen yataklar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesi, demir aletlerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7arpmas\u0131 veya beton zeminlere demir aletlerle vurulmas\u0131 vb. nedenlerle olu\u015fabilir. Bu nedenle yataklar iyi ya\u011flanmal\u0131 ve tehlikeli yerlerde demir aletler yerine \u00e7elik aletler kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Is\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 <\/strong>Ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131k belirli kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir: k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, uzun s\u00fcreli lokalize \u0131s\u0131tma da yan\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri ate\u015fe verebilir; d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey lensler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, dairesel \u015fi\u015feler odaklanacak ve oda\u011f\u0131 bir tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Patlama kontrol\u00fc <\/strong>Patlamalar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hasarlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ok ciddidir ve patlamalar\u0131n bilimsel olarak \u00f6nlenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6revdir. Patlamalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fl\u0131ca tedbirler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. \u0130nert ortam korumas\u0131 <\/strong>Kimyasal \u00fcretimde, koruyucu gaz olarak kullan\u0131lan inert gaz esas olarak nitrojen, karbondioksit, su buhar\u0131 vb. Genel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda inert ortam korumas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almak gerekir: yan\u0131c\u0131 kat\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, eleme i\u015flemi ve toz nakliyesi inert ortam korumas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar; patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in sistemdeki orijinal gaz\u0131 hari\u00e7 tutmak i\u00e7in inert gaz de\u011fi\u015fimi ile beslemeden \u00f6nce yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 malzeme sisteminin i\u015flenmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Sistem muhafazas\u0131 <\/strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 ve hava giri\u015fini \u00f6nleyin. Sistemin hava ge\u00e7irmez olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, tehlikeli ekipman ve sistemler kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar, daha az flan\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r: zehirli veya patlay\u0131c\u0131 tehlikeli gazlar\u0131n kab\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ekipmanlar\u0131n \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi kullan\u0131labilir, hava giri\u015fi \u00f6nlenmelidir: proses s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve ortam gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re, farkl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k contalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Havaland\u0131rma ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi <\/strong>yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131. Ekipman\u0131n mutlak s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 garanti edememesi durumunda, tesisin, at\u00f6lyenin iyi havaland\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi gerekir, b\u00f6ylece az miktarda yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturmamak i\u00e7in kolayca bo\u015falt\u0131labilir. Havaland\u0131rma egzoz sistemi tasarlan\u0131rken yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Havadan daha hafif yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin hidrojen) \u00fcretildi\u011fi ve kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, tesisin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda tavan pencereleri gibi egzoz kanallar\u0131 kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r: yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar havadan daha a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011funda, s\u0131zan gazlar oluklar gibi al\u00e7ak alanlarda birikebilir ve hava ile patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir ve bu yerlerde gazlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Patlama \u00f6nleme sisteminin kurulumu <\/strong>Patlama muhafaza sistemi, ilk patlamay\u0131 ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 tipi s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme maddesi kutular\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131layabilen sens\u00f6rlerden, alg\u0131lama cihaz\u0131 eylemi yoluyla s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme maddesi kutular\u0131ndan, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme maddesine e\u015fit olarak p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen kaplar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gerekir, patlaman\u0131n olu\u015fumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in yanma s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Patlama kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma sisteminde, patlama ve yanma kendi kendine alg\u0131lanabilir ve elektrik kesintisi sisteminden sonra belirli bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm II. S\u0131v\u0131 patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli kimyasal i\u015fletmeler, \u00e7ok say\u0131da yan\u0131c\u0131, patlay\u0131c\u0131, u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretiminde, \u00fcretim ve depolama s\u00fcrecinde en ufak bir dikkatsizlik, yang\u0131n kazalar\u0131na neden olacak, can ve mal kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n yang\u0131n tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Yanma ve Patlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k <\/strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n yanma ve patlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 parlama noktas\u0131 ve patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, buhar ve hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gaz\u0131n bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda anl\u0131k yanmas\u0131 olay\u0131 parlama tutu\u015fmas\u0131 olarak bilinir. Belirlenen deneysel ko\u015fullarda, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyinin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta parlama tutu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fcretebildi\u011fi noktaya parlama noktas\u0131 denir. S\u0131v\u0131 fla\u015f ate\u015flemesi, y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, buharla\u015fma oran\u0131 yanma oran\u0131ndan daha azd\u0131r, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan buharlar yak\u0131lan buharlar\u0131 yenileyemez, ancak sadece anl\u0131k yanmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in. S\u0131v\u0131 yan\u0131c\u0131 yanman\u0131n buharla\u015fma buharla\u015fma s\u00fcreci belirleyici bir rol oynar. Parlama noktas\u0131, yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buharla\u015fma \u00f6zelliklerini ve yanma tehlikesinin boyutunu \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilen yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buharla\u015fma \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli bir parametredir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) kendili\u011finden yanma <\/strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011funda harici \u0131s\u0131tman\u0131n rol\u00fc alt\u0131nda kendili\u011finden yanma olarak bilinen ate\u015fleme fenomeninin neden oldu\u011fu yang\u0131n. S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131 fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerin sabit bir parametresi de\u011fildir, sadece do\u011fas\u0131 ile de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bas\u0131n\u00e7, buhar konsantrasyonu, oksijen i\u00e7eri\u011fi, kataliz\u00f6r, kap \u00f6zellikleri ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerle de ilgilidir. Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar, kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131na kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fabilir ve kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131 ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse yang\u0131n tehlikesi o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. Genel olarak, homologun kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131 molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla azal\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc homologdaki kimyasal ba\u011f\u0131n ba\u011f enerjisi molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, b\u00f6ylece reaksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 h\u0131zlan\u0131r ve kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) ak\u0131\u015f dif\u00fczyonu <\/strong>S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 gibi yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar her y\u00f6ne h\u0131zla da\u011f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. K\u0131lcal etki ve infiltrasyon nedeniyle, yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletebilir, buharla\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir, havadaki konsantrasyonunu art\u0131rabilir, yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Yang\u0131nda, arazi boyunca akan s\u0131v\u0131 bir \u201cakan yang\u0131n\u201d olu\u015fturacak, ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 genellikle mahsur kalan insanlar\u0131n ve yang\u0131n kurtarma personelinin zaman\u0131nda geri \u00e7ekilmesini sa\u011flayacak ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme y\u00fckl\u00fc <\/strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu dielektriktir, \u00f6rne\u011fin eter, ester, karbon dis\u00fclf\u00fcr direnci 'dan fazlad\u0131r 3<\/sup> \u03a9 - cm, doldurma, ta\u015f\u0131ma, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme i\u015flemlerinde statik y\u00fck olu\u015fturmak \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r, yukar\u0131daki topraklama i\u015flemine zaman\u0131nda dikkat edilmezse, statik y\u00fckler belirli bir dereceye kadar y\u00fcklendi\u011finde, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar\u0131 bo\u015faltacak ve yan\u0131c\u0131 ve u\u00e7ucu patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n yanmas\u0131na ve patlamas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131 patlamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n yang\u0131n ve patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik tedbirler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki be\u015f teknik ve ilkeye dayanmaktad\u0131r: tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131; havan\u0131n (oksijenin) d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131; s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kapal\u0131 kaplarda veya cihazlarda depolanmas\u0131; yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buharlar\u0131n\u0131n konsantrasyonunun yanma konsantrasyonlar\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in havaland\u0131rma; ve havan\u0131n inert gazlarla ikame edilmesi. Son d\u00f6rt y\u00f6ntem, yan\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar (buharlar) ve havan\u0131n bir yanma, patlama kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7indir. Bu be\u015f y\u00f6ntem ayn\u0131 anda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, spesifik uygulamalar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Tesis ve depodaki yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcretimi, kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve depolanmas\u0131, iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir veya iki seviyeli yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 binalar olmal\u0131, \u00e7evredeki alanda yang\u0131n ve duman\u0131 kesinlikle yasaklamal\u0131 ve ate\u015ften, \u0131s\u0131dan, oksitleyici maddelerden ve asitlerden uzak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yaz aylar\u0131nda, \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve so\u011futma \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r, parlama noktas\u0131 23 \u2103'den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar, depo s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle 30 \u2103'den fazla de\u011fildir; eter, karbon dis\u00fclf\u00fcr, petrol eteri ve di\u011fer depolar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktal\u0131 t\u00fcrler, so\u011futma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 arzu edilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda benzen, etanol, benzin vb. depolanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle depolama tanklar\u0131 mevcuttur. Depolama tanklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k havada bulunabilir, ancak 30 \u2103 \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k so\u011futma \u00f6nlemlerini zorlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve depolanmas\u0131, patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 cihazlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili y\u00f6netmeliklere ve standartlara dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fckleme, bo\u015faltma ve elle\u00e7lemede hafif olmal\u0131, yuvarlanma, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme, s\u00fcr\u00fckleme ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehlikeye atan di\u011fer i\u015flemler yasaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ma e\u011filimli demir aletlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve demir \u00e7ivili ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n giyilmesi kesinlikle yasakt\u0131r. Tesislere girmesi gereken motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlar tercihen patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 tipte olmal\u0131 ve egzoz borular\u0131na g\u00fcvenilir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler ve yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin egzoz borular\u0131na damlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in koruyucu b\u00f6lmeler veya \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m panelleri tak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar doldurulurken, yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle genle\u015fmesini veya patlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kapta 5%'den fazla bo\u015f alan b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131 ve a\u011fz\u0131na kadar doldurulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Di\u011fer kimyasal tehlikelerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Deneysel ve yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n az say\u0131da \u015fi\u015fesinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak tutulan tehlikeli kimyasallar dolab\u0131 kurulabilir, b\u00f6lmenin do\u011fas\u0131na g\u00f6re depolama, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lmede \u00e7eli\u015fen \u00f6\u011felerin do\u011fas\u0131nda depolanmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) Farkl\u0131 do\u011falara ve farkl\u0131 tehlike derecelerine sahip yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00f6netmeliklere uygun olarak se\u00e7ilmelidir. \u00d6zellikle, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck parlama noktal\u0131 yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131, gerekirse inert gaz korumas\u0131 almak i\u00e7in daha s\u0131k\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) T\u00fcm \u00fcretim, nakliye, y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma, depolama ve kullan\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde, statik yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in etkili anti-statik ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm III Toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa'da Couriers (Kuryeler) k\u00f6m\u00fcr madeninde meydana gelen ve 1.099 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan patlama \u00fclkeleri \u015foke etti. Bu, akademisyenlerin toz patlamalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ger\u00e7ek anlamda ilgi g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamand\u0131r, ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, toz patlamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 ancak yava\u015f yava\u015f metal, kimyasal hammadde tesislerine kadar geni\u015fledi. Son y\u0131llarda toz kazalar\u0131 da meydana gelmi\u015ftir: 2 A\u011fustos 2014 tarihinde Suzhou Kunshan Zhongrong Makine Fabrikas\u0131nda bir al\u00fcminyum tozu patlamas\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir; 29 Nisan 2016 tarihinde Shenzhen Jingyixing Donan\u0131m Fabrikas\u0131nda bir al\u00fcminyum tozu patlamas\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir: 31 Mart 2019 tarihinde Suzhou Kunshan Hunding Precision Metals Co, Ltd'nin i\u015fleme at\u00f6lyesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hurda at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konteynerde bir alevlenme kazas\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015f ve yedi ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve be\u015f ki\u015finin yaralanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu kazalar\u0131n meydana gelmesi ciddi can kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olmu\u015f ve topluma b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik kay\u0131plar getirmi\u015ftir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumda b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe uyand\u0131ran toz patlamas\u0131 \u00f6nleme ve kontrol alarm\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Toz patlama ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir toz patlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in tipik olarak be\u015f unsur gereklidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Yan\u0131c\u0131 toz mevcuttur;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Toz havada belirli bir konsantrasyonda as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Toz patlamas\u0131na neden olmaya yetecek bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tozun yukar\u0131daki ko\u015fullarda patlayabilmesi, yan\u0131c\u0131 tozun havada y\u00fcksek oranda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sistem olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde s\u00fcspanse edilmesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r, y\u00fczey enerjisi (adsorpsiyon ve aktivitede somutla\u015fan) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: ayn\u0131 zamanda, toz partik\u00fclleri ve oksijen aras\u0131ndaki aray\u00fcz aras\u0131ndaki hava, oksijen tedarikini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla yeterlidir, yeterince enerjik bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131, reaksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 keskin bir \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015f ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir durum olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcreci ve \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7er: her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n enerjisini kabul etmek i\u00e7in havada as\u0131l\u0131 yan\u0131c\u0131 toz y\u00fczeyi, y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zla y\u00fckselir; ikinci olarak, molek\u00fcler termal ayr\u0131\u015fma veya kuru dam\u0131tma toz par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyi, yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n toz par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyinden gaz faz\u0131na sal\u0131nmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r; ve sonra, yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n ve havan\u0131n (veya oksijen ve di\u011fer yanma destekli gazlar\u0131n) sal\u0131nmas\u0131 patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n olu\u015fumu ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra bir alev \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tutu\u015fturulur; son olarak, bu alev taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7evredeki tozun ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, gaz faz\u0131nda yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli sal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve hava ile kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eder, b\u00f6ylece alev yay\u0131lmaya devam eder ve \u015fiddetli bir toz patlamas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel gaz patlamas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toz patlamas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u00e7oklu patlamalar toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Hava dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ilk patlamas\u0131 ekipmanda birikecek veya yerdeki toz havaya u\u00e7acak, patlamadan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra patlaman\u0131n merkezinde negatif bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015facak, \u00e7evredeki temiz hava d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan i\u00e7eriye dolacak ve toz kar\u0131\u015farak y\u00fckselecek, b\u00f6ylece ikincil bir patlamay\u0131 tetikleyecektir. \u0130kinci patlamada toz konsantrasyonu daha y\u00fcksek olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Bir toz patlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken minimum ate\u015fleme enerjisi genellikle onlarca milijoule veya daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) toz patlama bas\u0131nc\u0131 yava\u015f\u00e7a y\u00fckselir, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 uzun s\u00fcre devam eder, enerji sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 kuvvet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toz patlamas\u0131 kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, toz patlamas\u0131 kazalar\u0131nda can kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve toz patlamas\u0131 kazalar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, ilgili end\u00fcstri uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fczenleyici makamlar\u0131n ortak kayg\u0131lar\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f unsuruna ve ilgili etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re, \u00fcretimde bunlardan bir veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunu yok etti\u011finiz s\u00fcrece, toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Yerle\u015fim tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 optimize edin <\/strong>Tesis i\u00e7in yerle\u015fim tasar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6ncelikle tesisin yeri makul bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilmeli ve toz at\u00f6lyesinin tesisin genel plan\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yeri makul olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Merkezi \u0131s\u0131tma alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, di\u011fer binalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sezonda hakim r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u00fczgar alt\u0131 taraf\u0131nda yer almal\u0131d\u0131r Merkezi olmayan \u0131s\u0131tma alanlar\u0131nda, y\u0131l boyunca hakim r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u00fczgar alt\u0131 taraf\u0131nda yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. Toz patlamas\u0131 tehlikesi olan proses ekipman\u0131 veya yan\u0131c\u0131 toz varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kurulan binalar (yap\u0131lar) di\u011fer binalardan (yap\u0131lardan) ayr\u0131lmal\u0131 ve yang\u0131n ayr\u0131m\u0131 ilgili y\u00f6netmeliklere uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bina tek katl\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131 hafif bir yap\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) toz toplanmas\u0131, s\u00fcspansiyonu ve u\u00e7u\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc <\/strong>Havada as\u0131l\u0131 kalan yan\u0131c\u0131 tozun zaman\u0131nda ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yan\u0131c\u0131 malzemedeki yan\u0131c\u0131 toz konsantrasyonunu azaltmak, patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, yan\u0131c\u0131 toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelmesini temelden \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Toz maruziyetini azalt\u0131n.<\/strong> Toza maruz kalmay\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde azaltman\u0131n teknik yollar\u0131, \u00fcretim ekipman\u0131n\u0131n kapal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve toz \u00fcreten noktalar i\u00e7in toz emici ekipmanlar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Toz bast\u0131rma \u00f6nlemleri.<\/strong> Toz bast\u0131rma \u00f6nlemleri, tozun y\u00fczer halini engelleyen veya olu\u015fan toz miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltan \u00f6nlemlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Pozitif bas\u0131nc\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131n.<\/strong> Malzeme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn nedenlerinden birinin ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcretim ekipman\u0131ndan gelen toz, kapal\u0131 kapakta pozitif bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda havaya neden oldu, bu etkiyi zay\u0131flatmak ve ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015fen malzeme aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseklik fark\u0131n\u0131 azaltmal\u0131, \u015fut e\u011fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde azaltmal\u0131, hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n izolasyonu, ind\u00fcklenen hava miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmal\u0131, pozitif bas\u0131nc\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 azaltmal\u0131 vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f toz giderme.<\/strong> Geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f toz giderme, lokalize bir toz giderme sistemi olarak kullan\u0131labilen veya tam egzoz veya do\u011fal egzoz ile desteklenebilen havaland\u0131rma ve toz giderme sistemleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla toz konsantrasyonunu azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemleri ifade eder. Havaland\u0131rma ve toz giderme, nispeten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z toz giderme sistemi s\u00fcrecine uygun olarak kurulmal\u0131, t\u00fcm toz \u00fcreten noktalar toz emici davlumbazlarla donat\u0131lmal\u0131, kanalda toz \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi olmamal\u0131 ve toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kurulumu, kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve bak\u0131m\u0131 ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna ek olarak, elektrostatik toz giderme ve \u0131slak toz giderme ve di\u011fer \u00f6nlemler vard\u0131r. Elektrostatik toz giderme cihaz\u0131, esas olarak y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 ekipman\u0131 ve elektrikli toz toplama cihaz\u0131 (kapal\u0131 davlumbazlar ve egzoz kanallar\u0131 dahil) olmak \u00fczere iki par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan elektrikli toz giderme ve toz kayna\u011f\u0131 kontrol y\u00f6ntemlerine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Islak toz giderme, prosesin izin verdi\u011fi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, toz \u00f6nleme amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u0131slak toz giderme \u00f6nlemlerinin kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Al\u00fcminyum ve magnezyum tozu \u0131slak toz giderme i\u015fleminde, spiral p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme nozullar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u0131kanmas\u0131 kolay geleneksel nozul sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zer ve toz yakalama verimlili\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Buna ek olarak, mevcut madencilik toz toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimlilik, bak\u0131m i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc mevcuttur, bilim adamlar\u0131 d\u00fcz torba toz giderme sisteminin bir PLC (programlanabilir kontrol\u00f6r) otomatik kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc tasarlad\u0131lar, toz giderme verimlili\u011fini ve sistem g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini art\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e. Toz azaltma \u00f6nlemleri.<\/strong> Toz azaltma, esas olarak \u00fcretilen ve y\u00fczer hale gelen tozu yakalamak i\u00e7in p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme gibi y\u00f6ntemler kullanan bir \u00f6nlemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f. \u0130\u015fyerindeki havan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l nemini kontrol edin.<\/strong> \u00dcretim at\u00f6lyesinde nemlendirme p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme cihaz\u0131n\u0131n makul ve etkili bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi, havan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l nemini art\u0131rabilir, b\u00f6ylece tozun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir, toz \u00e7\u00f6kelme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve tozun patlama konsantrasyon s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. Havan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l nemi 65% veya daha fazlas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tozun \u00e7\u00f6kelmesini etkili bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik edebilir ve toz bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

g. Zemin ve oluk gibi di\u011fer kurulum gereksinimleri.<\/strong> K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00e7\u0131karmayan zemin malzemeleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve genel y\u00fczey olarak yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, anti-statik \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r: yan\u0131c\u0131 toz ve lif yayan tesisin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi d\u00fcz, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz ve temizlenmesi kolay olmal\u0131d\u0131r: tesiste bir oluk kurulmas\u0131 istenmez ve bunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa, kapak s\u0131k\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n, yan\u0131c\u0131 buharlar\u0131n ve tozun olukta birikmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in etkili \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve kom\u015fu tesisle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yanmaz malzeme ile kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Toz bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n ve toz katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n alev almas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi <\/strong>Tozlar\u0131n kendili\u011finden yanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde, kendili\u011finden yanabilen s\u0131cak tozlar depolanmadan \u00f6nce normal depolama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar so\u011futulmal\u0131d\u0131r; kendili\u011finden yanabilen d\u00f6kme tozlar b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda depolan\u0131rken, tozlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak izlenmelidir; s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseldi\u011fi veya gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6keldi\u011fi tespit edildi\u011finde, tozu so\u011futmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r; ve bo\u015faltma sistemi tozlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek \u00f6nlemlerle donat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Kontroll\u00fc ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/strong>Kontroll\u00fc ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Belirli bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc olarak, ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n hedeflenen \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in belirli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r, burada baz\u0131 \u00f6zel gereksinimler ve \u00f6nlemler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. A\u00e7\u0131k alevlerin ve s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerin tutu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme.<\/strong> \u0130lk ad\u0131m, insan yap\u0131m\u0131 ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve yan\u0131c\u0131 toz sahalar\u0131nda sigara, ayd\u0131nlatma, kesme vb. gibi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k alevi yasaklamakt\u0131r. T\u00fcm yan\u0131c\u0131 toz \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 yang\u0131na kapal\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k alev kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toz patlamas\u0131 tehlikesi olan bir yerde a\u00e7\u0131k alevli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r: g\u00fcvenlikten sorumlu ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmal\u0131 ve yang\u0131n izni al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r; a\u00e7\u0131k alevli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u00e7\u0131k alevli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerindeki yan\u0131c\u0131 toz temizlenmeli ve yeterli yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ekipman\u0131 ile donat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; a\u00e7\u0131k alevli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131 veya b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelidir: A\u00e7\u0131k alevle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi boyunca ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tamamland\u0131ktan sonraki so\u011futma s\u00fcresi boyunca, a\u00e7\u0131k alevle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerine toz girmemelidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131 veya b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Elektrik arklar\u0131na ve k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 koruma.<\/strong> Toz patlamas\u0131 tehlikesi olan yerlerde, ilgili y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mdan korunma \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Statik elektrik tehlikesi oldu\u011funda, sahada anti-statik tesisler kurulmal\u0131 ve borular ve ekipman i\u00e7in elektrostatik topraklama gibi \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm metal ekipmanlar, cihaz kabuklar\u0131, metal borular, braketler, bile\u015fenler, par\u00e7alar vb. genellikle anti-statik do\u011frudan topraklama kullan\u0131r, uygun olmayan do\u011frudan topraklama, iletken malzemeler veya \u00fcr\u00fcnler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dolayl\u0131 olarak topraklanabilir; do\u011frudan tozu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan aparat, tozu ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in boru hatt\u0131 (bant) vb. metal veya anti-statik malzemelerden yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve t\u00fcm metal boru ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 (flan\u015flar gibi) a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r: operat\u00f6r Operat\u00f6rler anti-statik \u00f6nlemler almal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cStatik Elektrik Kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi i\u00e7in Genel K\u0131lavuz\u201d standard\u0131na uygun olarak, statik elektrik olu\u015fumunu ve elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in malzeme se\u00e7imi, ekipman kurulumu ve antistatik tasar\u0131m, s\u00fcrecin i\u015fletimi ve y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in ilgili \u00f6nleyici tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) yanmaya neden olan maddelerin kontrol\u00fc <\/strong>Bu alandaki ana \u00f6nleyici tedbir, inert gaz korumas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nert gaz korumas\u0131n\u0131n prensibi, ne yan\u0131c\u0131 ne de yanmaya neden olan inert gazlarla doldurulmu\u015f toz ve hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda, sistemdeki oksijen i\u00e7eri\u011fini azalt\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece oksijen eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle toz patlamalar\u0131 meydana gelemez. CO gibi inert gazlar2 <\/sup>ve N2 <\/sup>end\u00fcstride at\u00f6lyeyi inertle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) alan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 <\/strong>Alan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmenin mevcut ana y\u00f6ntemi, patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 tahliye cihazlar\u0131 kurmakt\u0131r. Pratik deneyimler, ekipman\u0131n veya tesisin uygun k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, ilk bas\u0131n\u00e7, alev, toz ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin patlamas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131labilen zay\u0131f bir y\u00fczey (bas\u0131n\u00e7 tahliye y\u00fczeyi) olu\u015fturmak, b\u00f6ylece patlama bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, patlama kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Patlama giderme teknolojisinin kullan\u0131m\u0131, toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n maksimum bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ve maksimum bas\u0131n\u00e7 oran\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alma ihtiyac\u0131na \u00e7ok dikkat etmeli, ekipman\u0131n veya tesisin hacmine ve yap\u0131s\u0131na ek olarak malzemenin bas\u0131n\u00e7 giderme y\u00fczeyinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mukavemet, \u015fekil ve yap\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tesislerin bas\u0131n\u00e7 tahliye y\u00fczeyi olarak patlatma plakas\u0131, yan kap\u0131, mente\u015feli pencereler vb. kullan\u0131l\u0131r; bas\u0131n\u00e7 tahliye y\u00fczeyi metal folyo, su ge\u00e7irmez ka\u011f\u0131t, branda, plastik levhalar, kau\u00e7uk, asbest, al\u00e7\u0131pan vb. malzemelerden yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7) Di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler <\/strong>Genel olarak, toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f unsura sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir: yan\u0131c\u0131 toz, toz bulutu, ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131, h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, alan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131. Buna ek olarak, toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r, toz patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Toz patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131.<\/strong> Havada as\u0131l\u0131 belirli bir konsantrasyona kadar toz, toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelme ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biridir, \u201cbelirli konsantrasyon\u201d \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc toz patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Toz patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, genellikle toz k\u00fctlesinin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi alan\u0131n birim hacmi cinsinden ifade edilen toz minimum konsantrasyonu (alt s\u0131n\u0131r) veya maksimum konsantrasyonu (\u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r) ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131 durumunda patlayabilen bir toz ve hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bilinen kimyasal toz bile\u015fiminde ve yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131nda ve baz\u0131 basitle\u015ftirici varsay\u0131mlarda bulunarak, patlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayabilir, ancak genellikle belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel aletler kullan\u0131r. Deneyler, bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel tozun 20-60g\/m\u00b3 alt patlay\u0131c\u0131 limitine ve 2000-6000g\/m\u00b3 \u00fcst patlay\u0131c\u0131 limitine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Patlaman\u0131n minimum patlama enerjisi.<\/strong> Toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n minimum patlama enerjisi, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m de\u015farj enerjisinden de elde edilebilir. Ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131 enerjisine minimum patlama enerjisinden daha fazla temas eden yan\u0131c\u0131 toz patlayabilir. Bu nedenle, toz patlamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde tozun minimum patlama enerjisinin kontrol edilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Tozun fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri.<\/strong> Tozun daha fazla yan\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7ucu bile\u015fen i\u00e7ermesi, patlama riskini art\u0131r\u0131r ve patlama bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu t\u00fcr u\u00e7ucu tozlar daha fazla gaz sald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda gaz ve hava kar\u0131\u015farak sistem reaksiyonunu daha kolay ve \u015fiddetli hale getirir. Yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ve gaz miktar\u0131n\u0131n toz sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011fundan, tozun y\u00fcksek yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 patlamaya e\u011filimlidir; ayr\u0131ca, magnezyum, demir oksit, boyalar vb. gibi tozun oksidasyon oran\u0131 patlamaya e\u011filimlidir ve maksimum patlama bas\u0131nc\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, tozun \u015farj edilmesi kolayd\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca patlamaya e\u011filimlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Toz par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutu.<\/strong> Partik\u00fcl boyutu toz patlamas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Tozun partik\u00fcl boyutu ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, spesifik y\u00fczey alan\u0131 o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck, havadaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck ve s\u00fcspansiyon s\u00fcresi o kadar uzun, adsorbe edilen oksijenin aktivitesi o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, oksidasyon reaksiyonu h\u0131z\u0131 o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 ve bu nedenle patlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir, yani minimum ate\u015fleme enerjisi ve patlaman\u0131n alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve maksimum patlama bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve maksimum bas\u0131n\u00e7 oran\u0131 buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tozun partik\u00fcl boyutu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckse, bu nedenle patlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini kaybedecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 400\u03bcm'den b\u00fcy\u00fck partik\u00fcl boyutu polietilen, un ve metilsel\u00fcloz tozu patlay\u0131c\u0131 olamaz ve \u00e7o\u011fu k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu partik\u00fcl boyutu 1\/15 ~ 1\/10 mm'den daha az patlayabilir. Belirli bir miktarda ince toz ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kaba tozun patlamas\u0131n\u0131n kritik boyutundan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck patlayabilir, patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m haline gelebilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Explosion-proof measures for hazardous chemicals in different states Chapter I. Prevention of gas explosions Typically, a fire starts and then gradually spreads and expands, with damage increasing dramatically with time. For the fire, the initial firefighting is still relevant. Explosions, on the other hand, are sudden, and in most cases, the explosion process is completed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-explosion-proof-equipment"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Joe","author_link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/author\/jacklin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Explosion-proof measures for hazardous chemicals in different states Chapter I. Prevention of gas explosions Typically, a fire starts and then gradually spreads and expands, with damage increasing dramatically with time. For the fire, the initial firefighting is still relevant. Explosions, on the other hand, are sudden, and in most cases, the explosion process is completed…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2156"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2303,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2156\/revisions\/2303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}