{"id":2242,"date":"2025-03-04T21:32:09","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T13:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/?p=2242"},"modified":"2025-03-06T22:32:40","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T14:32:40","slug":"analyza-udrzby-a-riadenia-nevybusnych-zariadeni-v-systeme-ropnych-vrtov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/sk\/zariadenia-odolne-proti-vybuchu\/analyza-udrzby-a-riadenia-nevybusnych-zariadeni-v-systeme-ropnych-vrtov\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza \u00fadr\u017eby a riadenia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v syst\u00e9me ropn\u00fdch vrtov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anal\u00fdza \u00fadr\u017eby a riadenia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v syst\u00e9me ropn\u00fdch vrtov<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Ropn\u00e9 zdroje s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi zdrojmi, ktor\u00e9 sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa v rozvoji modernej spolo\u010denskej v\u00fdroby a maj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na spolo\u010densk\u00fa priemyseln\u00fa v\u00fdrobu. Realiz\u00e1cia procesu v\u0155tania je hlavn\u00fdm procesom \u0165a\u017eby ropy, pri realiz\u00e1cii procesu v\u0155tania sa pou\u017e\u00edva modern\u00fd syst\u00e9m procesu v\u0155tania na v\u00fdrobu, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti \u0165a\u017eby ropy. V procese aplik\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mu na v\u0155tanie ropy sa v\u0161ak pri v\u0155tan\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed alebo mechanick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v samotnom procese aplik\u00e1cie \u010dasto vyskytuje probl\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozenie bezpe\u010dnosti v\u00fdroby ropy. Preto by sa v procese \u0165a\u017eby ropn\u00fdch zdrojov malo zamera\u0165 aj na rozumn\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, odvies\u0165 dobr\u00fa pr\u00e1cu pri \u00fadr\u017ebe a spr\u00e1ve nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila celkov\u00e1 ochrana syst\u00e9mu na \u0165a\u017ebu ropy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

I. <\/strong>Anal\u00fdza zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1, anal\u00fdza aplik\u00e1cie zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Aplik\u00e1cia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia na v\u0155tanie ropy je spolo\u010dn\u00fdm procesom pri aplik\u00e1cii procesu v\u0155tania ropy, pre rozumn\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu ropn\u00fdch zdrojov m\u00e1 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu. V pracovnom procese ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je aplik\u00e1cia modern\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed relat\u00edvne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia, tak\u017ee v implement\u00e1cii vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu, ale aj aplik\u00e1cia r\u00f4znych zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu. V celom procese aplik\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je hlavnou aplik\u00e1ciou utesnen\u00e9, oh\u0148ovzdorn\u00e9, pretlakov\u00e9, nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9, olejov\u00e9 a in\u00e9 s\u00favisiace zariadenia, nasleduj\u00faca anal\u00fdza r\u00f4znych typov nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) utesnen\u00e9 nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 zariadenie je schopn\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 hlavne vysokoteplotn\u00e9 zariadenia, v syst\u00e9me na \u0165a\u017ebu ropy, vysokoteplotn\u00e9 zariadenia v skuto\u010dnom procese aplik\u00e1cie, \u013eahko produkuj\u00fa obl\u00fakov\u00e9 iskry a potom v procese \u0165a\u017eby ropy existuj\u00fa aj v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Pou\u017eitie utesnen\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu, vysokoteplotn\u00e9 zariadenia \u013eahko rozpra\u0161uj\u00fa iskry na utesnenie polohy, zvy\u0161uj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) pou\u017eitie po\u017eiarneho zariadenia odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu. V procese aplik\u00e1cie zariaden\u00ed v\u0155tacieho syst\u00e9mu m\u00f4\u017ee aplik\u00e1cia k\u00e1blov, aplik\u00e1cia mechanick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 probl\u00e9my s iskrami alebo otvoren\u00fdm plame\u0148om a n\u00e1sledne sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 v\u00fdbuch. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie protipo\u017eiarneho nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia m\u00f4\u017ee realizova\u0165 mechanick\u00e9 iskrenie, prevenciu v\u00fdbuchu n\u00e1razom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) priame zariadenie odoln\u00e9 proti v\u00fdbuchu. Priame nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 zariadenie sa vz\u0165ahuje na pou\u017eitie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a na ochranu proti v\u00fdbuchu v\u0155tacieho syst\u00e9mu nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia. V celom procese aplik\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia m\u00f4\u017ee realizova\u0165 izol\u00e1ciu jedinej poruchy zariadenia proti v\u00fdbuchu, \u010d\u00edm sa zabr\u00e1ni v\u00fdskytu ved\u013eaj\u0161ej poruchy v\u00fdbuchu, \u010d\u00edm sa realizuje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 prevencia spracovania v\u00fdbuchu, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee realiz\u00e1cia poruchy nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia je rozumnej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2, anal\u00fdza \u00farovne aplik\u00e1cie v\u0155tacieho syst\u00e9mu odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Proces aplik\u00e1cie v\u0155tacieho syst\u00e9mu, vzh\u013eadom na r\u00f4zne faktory, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa syst\u00e9m, tak\u017ee faktory, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa probl\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu, je tie\u017e viac, a pod\u013ea \u00farovne vplyvu v\u00fdbuchu v\u0155tacieho syst\u00e9mu, pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdbuchu sa vyskytuje odli\u0161ne, je tie\u017e potrebn\u00e9 rozdeli\u0165 do r\u00f4znych \u00farovn\u00ed zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) v\u0155tac\u00ed syst\u00e9m na realiz\u00e1ciu procesu v\u0155tania, probl\u00e9m s v\u00fdbuchom plynu je jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov, napr\u00edklad plynn\u00fd s\u00edrovod\u00edk v oblasti kalov\u00e9ho baz\u00e9na je n\u00e1chyln\u00fd na probl\u00e9my s v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdm zlyhan\u00edm. Preto by sa mal proces anal\u00fdzy v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch plynov dokon\u010di\u0165 v s\u00falade s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami na \u00farove\u0148 odolnosti proti v\u00fdbuchu, \u00farove\u0148 prevencie v\u00fdbuchu plynu je rozdelen\u00e1. \u00darove\u0148 ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu plynu je stanoven\u00e1 na \u00farove\u0148 \u2161 B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) pri skuto\u010dnom pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u0155tac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed je \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdbuchu iskier a otvoren\u00e9ho plame\u0148a pomerne vysok\u00e1, najm\u00e4 v d\u00f4sledku vplyvu probl\u00e9mu v\u00fdbuchu iskier je pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e1, ve\u013emi \u013eahko sp\u00f4sobuje probl\u00e9my s po\u017eiarom. Preto je pri aplik\u00e1cii v\u0155tac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed kon\u0161trukcia zariadenia odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu otvoren\u00e9ho plame\u0148a hlavne na \u00farovni \u2161 A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.<\/strong> zhrnutie met\u00f3d \u00fadr\u017eby a zlyhania zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di v\u00fdbuchu v ropnom vrtnom syst\u00e9me<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aplik\u00e1cia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed na ropn\u00e9 vrty je ve\u013emi pr\u00edsna, nielen\u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v s\u00falade s r\u00f4znymi potrebami nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, ale aj v s\u00falade s po\u017eiadavkami na nev\u00fdbu\u0161nos\u0165 nastavi\u0165 r\u00f4znu \u00farove\u0148 nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti. Syst\u00e9m v\u0155tania ropy v\u0161ak s\u00favis\u00ed s \u0165a\u017ebou cel\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch zdrojov, tak\u017ee vo v\u00fdrobnom re\u0165azci mus\u00ed v\u0155tac\u00ed syst\u00e9m udr\u017eiava\u0165 dlhodob\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku a v podmienkach vysokej intenzity a dlhodobej pr\u00e1ce v\u0155tac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ako aj zariadenie odoln\u00e9 proti v\u00fdbuchu zlyhaj\u00fa. Zlyhanie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia sp\u00f4sob\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017eenie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu a dokonca sp\u00f4sob\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 nehody. Preto by sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnom pracovnom procese ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu malo zamera\u0165 na anal\u00fdzu zlyhania nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia a prevenciu neh\u00f4d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd priestor presahuje probl\u00e9m. V procese aplik\u00e1cie zariadenia odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je chyba nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej medzery ve\u013emi \u010dast\u00e1, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee \u013eahko sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 riziko v\u00fdbuchu ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V pr\u00edpade poruchy boli pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a kryt medzi upev\u0148ovac\u00edmi skrutkami dotiahnut\u00e9, ale medzera odoln\u00e1 proti v\u00fdbuchu je st\u00e1le pr\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e1. V procese \u010fal\u0161ej anal\u00fdzy je hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom poruchy nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej medzery deform\u00e1cia pr\u00edruby, deform\u00e1cia pr\u00edruby vedie k nedostato\u010dnej kontrole nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej medzery, iskry v puzdre pretekaj\u00fa a vonkaj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd plyn vytv\u00e1ra nehodu s v\u00fdbuchom. Proces aplik\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia na ropn\u00e9 vrty by sa mal zamera\u0165 na probl\u00e9m zlyhania nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej medzery, ktor\u00fd treba analyzova\u0165 a vyrie\u0161i\u0165. V procese skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia sa m\u00f4\u017eete rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre v\u00fdmenu pr\u00edruby, aby ste sa s touto met\u00f3dou vysporiadali, pri\u010dom na kontrolu nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej medzery m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 nov\u00e9 pr\u00edrubov\u00e9 zariadenie, aby ste zabr\u00e1nili prelievaniu iskier. Z\u00e1rove\u0148, aby ste zn\u00ed\u017eili n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu, m\u00f4\u017eete si vybra\u0165 aj opravu probl\u00e9mu deform\u00e1cie pr\u00edruby, pou\u017eitie skrutkov\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov mo\u017eno dokon\u010di\u0165 na obnovu pr\u00edruby, aby sa dosiahla 95% a\u017e 100% deform\u00e1cie obnovy, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee pr\u00edruba m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej schopnosti na zv\u00fd\u0161enie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) zavedenie probl\u00e9mov s pr\u00edstavmi. Aplik\u00e1cia zariaden\u00ed na ochranu proti v\u00fdbuchu v ropnom vrtnom syst\u00e9me m\u00e1 tie\u017e probl\u00e9m so zaveden\u00edm \u00fastia. Pri aplik\u00e1cii nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1 rozvodn\u00e1 skri\u0148a s pou\u017eit\u00edm oce\u013eov\u00e9ho vedenia, oce\u013eov\u00e1 r\u00fara do zeme pred izola\u010dn\u00fdm tesnen\u00edm. V\u00fdskyt netesnenia povedie k \u00faniku iskier, \u00faniku plynu a \u00faniku \u0161\u00edrenia plame\u0148a a \u010fal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom, \u010do povedie k n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom s v\u00fdbuchom. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 hrozba probl\u00e9mu \u00favodn\u00e9ho portu je pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e1, preto by sa v procese aplik\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mu na \u0165a\u017ebu ropy mala venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 probl\u00e9mu poruchy \u00favodn\u00e9ho portu. Mechanick\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 plastovej lisovacej matice nie je dostato\u010dn\u00e1, nem\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fd u\u0165ahovac\u00ed moment a v d\u00f4sledku vplyvu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia sa \u013eahko objav\u00ed jav starnutia, nem\u00f4\u017ee stla\u010di\u0165 tesniaci kr\u00fa\u017eok, aby zohr\u00e1val \u00falohu tesnenia, je hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom zlyhania zavedenia portu, tak\u017ee v skuto\u010dnom procese spracovania poruchy zavedenia portu m\u00f4\u017eete dokon\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdmenu materi\u00e1lu lisovacej matice, v\u00fdmenu silnej\u0161ieho tesnenia, lisovacia matica je lep\u0161ia mechanick\u00e1 matica pre lisovaciu maticu. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 kontrola m\u00e1 ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu, ale m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e zlep\u0161i\u0165 kontroln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok kompresnej matice. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 zav\u00e1dzanie probl\u00e9mov s poruchami portov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Probl\u00e9my so spojovac\u00edm materi\u00e1lom. Probl\u00e9my so spojovac\u00edm materi\u00e1lom s\u00fa tie\u017e \u010dast\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami s poruchami nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010diny s\u00fa ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 poruch\u00e1m medzier. Hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou je implement\u00e1cia dobr\u00e9ho upevnenia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, \u010do vedie k probl\u00e9mom s nev\u00fdbu\u0161nou medzerou, po ktor\u00fdch nasleduj\u00fa iskry alebo obl\u00faky a v\u00fdbuch pri kontakte s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm hor\u013eav\u00fdm plynom. Okrem toho, upev\u0148ovacie skrutky nie s\u00fa dotiahnut\u00e9, \u010do tie\u017e \u013eahko sp\u00f4sobuje probl\u00e9m n\u00edzkej pevnosti pri v\u00fdbuchu. V procese rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mov so spojovac\u00edm materi\u00e1lom m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdmenu spojovacieho materi\u00e1lu. Okrem toho, ak je kovov\u00e1 porucha nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia relat\u00edvne mal\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010d na dotiahnutie upev\u0148ovac\u00edch prvkov, aby ste zv\u00fd\u0161ili nev\u00fdbu\u0161nos\u0165 zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) poruchy uzemnenia. K poruch\u00e1m zariaden\u00ed na \u0165a\u017ebu ropy odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di v\u00fdbuchu patr\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 kor\u00f3zia uzem\u0148ovacieho spojenia. V d\u00f4sledku z\u00e1va\u017enej kor\u00f3zie uzem\u0148ovacieho spojenia, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd kontaktn\u00fd odpor alebo dokonca falo\u0161n\u00e9 spojenie. Po poruche elektrick\u00e9ho zariadenia je pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zariadenia zelektrizovan\u00fd a person\u00e1l m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u013eahko zasiahnut\u00fd elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom. Po vzniku elektrickej iskry d\u00f4jde k v\u00fdbuchu. V pr\u00edpade poruchy uzem\u0148ovacieho konektora by sa malo dobre zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 s kor\u00f3ziou, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee jeho aplik\u00e1cia na spracovanie por\u00fach bude \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia, ale aj aby sa maximalizoval \u00fa\u010dinok spracovania por\u00fach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V procese komplexn\u00e9ho o\u0161etrenia poruchy uzemnenia mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na prevenciu a rie\u0161enie dvoch opatren\u00ed. (1) pre proces prevencie, hlavne v procese elektroin\u0161tal\u00e1cie potiahnutej ochrannou vrstvou proti kor\u00f3zii, na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u017eivotnosti uzem\u0148ovacieho vedenia, zatia\u013e \u010do v procese prevencie por\u00fach uzem\u0148ovacieho vedenia by mali by\u0165 po\u017eiadavky na uzem\u0148ovacie vedenie postaven\u00e9 tak, aby sa vykonala dobr\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca na o\u0161etrenie proti vlhkosti, aby sa zabezpe\u010dila okolit\u00e1 suchos\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 prevent\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok. (2) proces rie\u0161enia poruchy uzemnenia, hlavnou met\u00f3dou lie\u010dby je v\u00fdmena uzem\u0148ovacieho dr\u00f4tu, v\u00fdmena nov\u00e9ho uzem\u0148ovacieho dr\u00f4tu m\u00f4\u017ee realizova\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161enie kontaktn\u00e9ho odporu, aby sa realizovalo \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poruchy odolnej proti v\u00fdbuchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.<\/strong> anal\u00fdza faktorov zlyhania zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di v\u00fdbuchu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zlyhanie zariadenia odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu v ropnom vrtnom syst\u00e9me je priamo sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi rizikami ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho zariadenia, tak\u017ee pri pou\u017eit\u00ed zariadenia odoln\u00e9ho proti v\u00fdbuchu by sa malo zamera\u0165 na zlyhanie faktorov ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facich anal\u00fdzu. V tomto dokumente sa v procese anal\u00fdzy zlyhania ropnej vrtnej z\u00e1kladne probl\u00e9mov s nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm, v procese anal\u00fdzy zlyhania ropnej vrtnej z\u00e1kladne v\u00fdskumu zlyhania nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia, v celom v\u00fdskume zistilo, \u017ee v roku 128 zlyhania nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia, 17,8% je sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 skryt\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami sp\u00f4soben\u00fdmi elektrick\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm, existuj\u00fa nespr\u00e1vne mechanick\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 faktory, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa 26,1% vplyvu zlyhania, \u00fadr\u017eba zlyhania 36,1%. V\u010dasn\u00e1 porucha predstavuje 36,1%, ostatn\u00e9 poruchy pribli\u017ene 10%. Analyzuj\u00fa sa tieto faktory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 zariadenie v procese aplik\u00e1cie, vplyv bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch riz\u00edk je relat\u00edvne ve\u013ek\u00fd, \u013eahko aplik\u00e1cia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia sp\u00f4sobuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Napr\u00edklad pri prev\u00e1dzke nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia sp\u00f4sob\u00ed prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 teplota a faktory vlhkosti zariadenia ur\u010dit\u00fd vplyv na zariadenie. Pokia\u013e ide o probl\u00e9my zhrnut\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie, probl\u00e9my s poruchou elektroin\u0161tal\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia, s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 koroz\u00edvnym \u00fa\u010dinkom uzem\u0148ovacieho vodi\u010da, \u010d\u00edm vznik\u00e1 probl\u00e9m s kor\u00f3ziou. A probl\u00e9m kor\u00f3zie sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa zmeny teploty a vlhkosti vzduchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) faktory poruchy mechanickej prev\u00e1dzky. Proces realiz\u00e1cie v\u0155tania, pou\u017eitie mechanick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a realiz\u00e1cia mechanickej prev\u00e1dzky s\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. V d\u00f4sledku nespr\u00e1vnej mechanickej prev\u00e1dzky v\u0161ak sp\u00f4sob\u00ed aj probl\u00e9my s poruchami odoln\u00fdmi proti v\u00fdbuchu. Napr\u00edklad v skuto\u010dnom procese realiz\u00e1cie v\u0155tania doch\u00e1dza k probl\u00e9mom s po\u0161koden\u00edm pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia v\u0155tac\u00edm strojom, \u010do vedie k probl\u00e9mom s poruchou nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) nie s\u00fa vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1rske pr\u00e1ce. V \u00fadr\u017ebe ropn\u00fdch nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed ch\u00fdba systematick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, \u00fadr\u017eba zariaden\u00ed, prev\u00e1dzka a integrovan\u00e9 riadenie nevytvorili jednotn\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165, oddelenia nedosiahli dobr\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu, hoci ka\u017ed\u00e9 oddelenie m\u00e1 svoje vlastn\u00e9 zodpovednosti, ale vzh\u013eadom na cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia a v\u0155tania m\u00e1 holistick\u00fd, ak riadenie a prev\u00e1dzka a \u00fadr\u017eba prepojen\u00ed na probl\u00e9m odpojenia, bude to ma\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok aj \u00fadr\u017ebu zariadenia na mieste probl\u00e9mu, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje skuto\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok \u00fadr\u017eby. Okrem toho, nedostatok syst\u00e9mov riadenia a s\u00favisiacich syst\u00e9mov, prev\u00e1dzky a \u00fadr\u017eby person\u00e1lu v pr\u00e1ci, existuje aj \"formalizovan\u00fd\" probl\u00e9m, mnoh\u00ed zamestnanci \u00fadr\u017eby zariaden\u00ed uho\u013en\u00fdch ban\u00ed v rutinnej pr\u00e1ci, nedostatok pozornosti \u00fadr\u017ebe zariaden\u00ed, vznik drobn\u00fdch por\u00fach nedostatok r\u00fdchleho mechanizmu spracovania, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje nerie\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) v procese aplik\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje zlyhanie zariadenia in\u00fdch faktorov, je relat\u00edvne viac. Napr\u00edklad v procese v\u00fdberu zariadenia existuj\u00fa nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00farovne, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 pre v\u0155tacie zariadenia, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje aplik\u00e1ciu nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia. Okrem toho proces in\u0161tal\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia nie je na mieste, tie\u017e \u013eahko sp\u00f4sobuje probl\u00e9my so zlyhan\u00edm. Preto by sa v procese rie\u0161enia jeho por\u00fach malo zamera\u0165 na komplexn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu por\u00fach nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.<\/strong> implement\u00e1cia bodov riadenia zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu v syst\u00e9me v\u0155tania ropy<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ropn\u00fd vrtn\u00fd syst\u00e9m odoln\u00fd proti v\u00fdbuchu riadenie zariaden\u00ed, pre komplexn\u00e9 uplat\u0148ovanie ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu, m\u00f4\u017ee maximalizova\u0165 uplat\u0148ovanie procesu ropn\u00e9ho v\u0155tania. V pr\u00edpade zlyhania nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia syst\u00e9mu ropn\u00fdch vrtov by sa malo zamera\u0165 na posilnenie riadenia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia syst\u00e9mu ropn\u00fdch vrtov prostredn\u00edctvom riadenia a \u00fadr\u017eby dobrej implement\u00e1cie, aby sa zlep\u0161ilo uplat\u0148ovanie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) racion\u00e1lny v\u00fdber zariaden\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti v\u00fdbuchu. Rozumn\u00fd v\u00fdber nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinok prevencie por\u00fach nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia, vybra\u0165 zariadenie vhodn\u00e9 pre syst\u00e9m ropn\u00fdch vrtov, m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 faktory \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a in\u00e9 faktory na vplyv nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 V procese v\u00fdberu zariadenia by sa malo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v s\u00falade s typom zariadenia na komplexn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu por\u00fach, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee prevencia por\u00fach je rozumnej\u0161ia. Napr\u00edklad pri aplik\u00e1cii zariaden\u00ed v\u0155tacieho syst\u00e9mu, k\u00e1blov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, mechanick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k probl\u00e9mom s iskrami alebo otvoren\u00fdm plame\u0148om, po ktor\u00fdch nasleduje v\u00fdbuch. Pou\u017eitie protipo\u017eiarneho typu nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia sa m\u00f4\u017ee realizova\u0165 na mechanick\u00e9 iskry, vplyv probl\u00e9mu prevencie v\u00fdbuchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 pod\u013ea \u00farovne nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti primeran\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu zariadenia. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa pod\u013ea pr\u00edslu\u0161nej pr\u00e1vnej literat\u00fary zariadenia na ochranu proti v\u00fdbuchu ropn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu delia najm\u00e4 na \u2161 A, \u2161 B, \u2161 C at\u010f. v s\u00falade s potrebami r\u00f4znej \u00farovne ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu, aby sa dokon\u010dilo \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 spracovanie technol\u00f3gie ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu s cie\u013eom zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby bolo odstra\u0148ovanie probl\u00e9mov \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie, ale aj zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinok odstra\u0148ovania probl\u00e9mov ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu s cie\u013eom zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby bola realiz\u00e1cia jeho ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu rozumnej\u0161ia a \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia, aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed zariaden\u00ed ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) dobre vykon\u00e1va\u0165 chybn\u00fa \u00fadr\u017ebu. V uvedenom \u010dl\u00e1nku je zhrnut\u00fd proces aplik\u00e1cie zariadenia, absencia systematick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u00fadr\u017eby, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok zl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky \u00fadr\u017eby a \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my. Preto by sa v procese aplik\u00e1cie poruchy nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia malo zamera\u0165 na komplexn\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie a anal\u00fdzu poruchy nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytvori\u0165 dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u00fadr\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Vykon\u00e1vajte dobr\u00fa pr\u00e1cu pravidelnej \u00fadr\u017eby a komplexn\u00fd program \u00fadr\u017eby. Aplika\u010dn\u00fd cyklus nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia na ropn\u00e9 vrty je dlh\u00fd a pou\u017e\u00edvanie vysokej intenzity, tak\u017ee by mal by\u0165 dobr\u00fd program pravidelnej \u00fadr\u017eby, pravideln\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia na kontrolu por\u00fach, na dokon\u010denie dobr\u00e9ho o\u0161etrenia men\u0161\u00edch por\u00fach, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo eskal\u00e1cii por\u00fach. Okrem toho by sa v r\u00e1mci procesu \u00fadr\u017eby mali zavies\u0165 dobr\u00e9 komplexn\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1rske pr\u00e1ce. Nielen pri oprav\u00e1ch por\u00fach nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, ale aj pri oprav\u00e1ch por\u00fach in\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, prostredn\u00edctvom komplexnej \u00fadr\u017eby dokon\u010di\u0165 komplexn\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie poruchy, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo zlyhaniu ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Pou\u017e\u00edvanie vedeck\u00fdch a primeran\u00fdch met\u00f3d rie\u0161enia por\u00fach. Vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 zhr\u0148uje pou\u017eitie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v procese por\u00fach kor\u00f3zie vedenia, por\u00fach nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej medzery a in\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov, ale tie\u017e predklad\u00e1 met\u00f3dy rie\u0161enia por\u00fach. V s\u00falade s uveden\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami odstra\u0148ovania por\u00fach pripravi\u0165 vedeck\u00fd a primeran\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00fd program odstra\u0148ovania por\u00fach a proces odstra\u0148ovania por\u00fach, prostredn\u00edctvom dobr\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ovania por\u00fach zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby aplik\u00e1cia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed bola primeranej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462proces manipul\u00e1cie s poruchami by mal tie\u017e vytvori\u0165 dobr\u00fd program \u010distenia a \u010distenia, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 prostredie zariadenia, ale aj maximalizovalo pou\u017eitie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, aby sa dosiahlo dobr\u00e9 pou\u017eitie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, zlep\u0161ila sa kvalita manipul\u00e1cie so zariaden\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) in\u0161tal\u00e1cia nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia a pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja. Z uveden\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee proces aplik\u00e1cie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia, zl\u00fd proces in\u0161tal\u00e1cie, zl\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie sp\u00f4sob\u00ed probl\u00e9my s poruchami. Preto je v s\u00fa\u010dasnom procese prevencie zlyhania nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia po\u017eiadavka na dobr\u00fa pr\u00e1cu pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed procesn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eitie person\u00e1lu v s\u00falade s in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm procesu prevencie a lie\u010dby zlyhania, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee zlyhanie lie\u010dby je \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie, aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161il \u00fa\u010dinok spracovania por\u00fach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1ver<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok analyzuje \u00fadr\u017ebu a riadenie nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pre syst\u00e9m ropn\u00fdch vrtov, stru\u010dne opisuje poruchy a faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 zariadenia pre syst\u00e9m ropn\u00fdch vrtov a tie\u017e predklad\u00e1 met\u00f3dy rie\u0161enia por\u00fach a met\u00f3dy riadenia zariaden\u00ed. D\u00fafajme, \u017ee to pom\u00f4\u017ee dobr\u00e9mu uplat\u0148ovaniu nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho zariadenia v syst\u00e9me ropn\u00fdch vrtov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Analysis of maintenance and management of explosion-proof equipment in oil drilling system Oil resources are important resources applied in the development of modern social production, and have an important impact on social industrial production. 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