Offshore Drilling Platforms Lighting Solutions

Abstract

Oil is an important non-renewable resource for human development into the industrial age. The environment of offshore oil industry is very harsh, and drilling industry is a high-risk industry. Explosion-proof electrical equipment is an important equipment in offshore drilling platform, the safety of explosion-proof electrical equipment is related to the smooth progress of offshore oil drilling operations, and plays an important role in the future development of offshore oil. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the explosion-proof electrical management of offshore oil drilling platforms, strictly divide the dangerous area, and periodically inspect the explosion-proof equipment in the explosion-proof area, such as explosion-proof motors, explosion-proof lighting equipment, explosion-proof distribution boxes, etc., to ensure the safe use of explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Key words: petroleum; Offshore drilling platforms; Explosion-proof electrical equipment; Safety and improvement measures;

Úvod

In all aspects of the operation of offshore drilling platforms, flammable and explosive gases and electrical equipment may explode are required, which have an important impact on the safety of platform personnel and the effective operation of drilling equipment. In order to ensure the overall safety of offshore drilling platforms, we should constantly improve the importance of the safe operation of platform explosion-proof electrical equipment. This paper mainly discusses the safety and improvement measures of explosion-proof electrical equipment of offshore drilling platform, and elaborates the specific safety measures for reference.

1 There is a potential explosion risk on offshore drilling platforms

Offshore drilling platform operating conditions are harsh, drilling industry is a high-risk industry, is highly likely to produce flammable and explosive gas, if the electrical equipment failure, short circuit to produce electrical sparks, just encounter flammable and explosive gas, is highly likely to cause catastrophic explosion or fire. Therefore, explosion-proof equipment is particularly important. The three elements required for the combustion of combustible gas/air mixture are oxygen, ignition source and fuel (commonly known as the three elements of fire) In order for the combustion of petroleum products to occur, the following three conditions must be met: oxygen supply, ignition source, and oil supply. Therefore, explosion-proof electrical equipment is an element of ignition source to prevent combustion and explosion of combustible gas/air mixture.

1.1 Type and temperature rating of explosion-proof equipment

The symbol of explosion-proof products is EX, and the explosion-proof electrical equipment in the explosion danger place must have the performance of not igniting the surrounding explosive mixture during operation. There are eight types of explosion-proof electrical equipment that can meet the above requirements.

Explosion-proof equipment temperature grade a total of T1-T6 six.

1.2 Protection level requirements for explosion-proof equipment

Offshore drilling platform operating conditions are harsh, sea salt gas, high humidity, explosion-proof electrical equipment in addition to meet the explosion-proof performance, but also meet the protection level, in order to be used in the Marine environment, the equipment is eroded by seawater. The Protection level of the enclosure of the equipment is the protection level of the electrical equipment, the English acronym is Ingress Protection. The larger the number behind the IP of the electrical equipment, the higher the level of protection and the better the performance. Protection levels are as follows:

2 Classification of dangerous areas

The drilling platform is an offshore operation, which has the characteristics of complex, difficult and high risk factor. There may be combustible gas and air mixture on the platform. The explosion-proof dangerous area on the drilling platform can be divided into:

Zone0 (Zone0): The combustible gas/air mixture is continuous, long-term, and frequent.

Zone1 (Zone1): Combustible gas/air mixtures may occasionally occur during normal operation.

Zone2 (Zone2): Combustible gas/air mixtures are unlikely to exist, or are rare and short-lived.

According to the standard, there are only zones 1 and 2 dangerous zones on the drilling platform, and the Zone symbols in the division diagram (Zone 0,1,2) should refer to the symbols marked on the drawing. According to the areas determined on the completed drawing (Zone 0,1,2), the dangerous areas on the platform are generally divided into drilling floor, vibrating screen room, metering tank area, mud pool, paint warehouse, and aircraft deck refueling device area.

Classification and grouping of explosive gases:

The explosion protection group of the equipment with propane as the representative gas is IIA (the gas group of propane belongs to IIA);

The explosion protection group of equipment with ethylene as the representative gas is IIB (ethylene gas group belongs to IIB);

The explosion-proof group of the equipment with hydrogen as the representative gas is IC (the gas group of hydrogen belongs to IIC).

3. Use status of explosion-proof electrical equipment of drilling platform

Explosion-proof electrical equipment is frequently used on offshore drilling platforms, and during daily testing, we find that there are many problems in actual use of explosion-proof equipment, which will affect the overall explosion-proof performance of explosion-proof electrical equipment on drilling platforms. The following problems are common in daily maintenance:

3.1 Classification of explosion-proof equipment

On the drilling platform, maintenance personnel did not participate in explosion-proof training, and some maintenance personnel on the platform did not pay enough attention to explosion-proof electrical equipment, and often found that low-grade explosion-proof electrical products were used in dangerous areas. For example, equipment with the [Ex ia] mark can only be installed in non-hazardous areas (not directly in hazardous areas). There is also insufficient temperature use grade, explosion-proof electrical equipment installed in the dangerous area should be based on the ignition temperature of flammable gas or steam that may exist in the dangerous area to select the verified temperature code T. For example, the H2S gas detected in the mud pool is classified as group “IIB”, and all explosion-proof electrical equipment used in this area should have a temperature rating above “T3”.

3.2 Performance of explosion-proof equipment

The drilling platform is operating at sea, facing serious salt spray and water vapor, relatively high humidity, equipment is easy to rust and corrosion, and the name brand of equipment will also be corroded and blurred or missing. When the personnel on the platform remove rust and brush paint, paint the famous brand on the equipment. At the time of testing, we can not verify the nameplate information on the explosion-proof equipment, so we can not determine the explosion-proof performance of the electrical equipment. There is another problem is that some explosion-proof electrical equipment because of local changes or damage, its overall explosion-proof performance will fail, but still continue to use in the explosion-proof area. For example, in the flameproof type EXD explosion-proof junction box, the holes used to Pierce the cable are sealed with non-explosion-proof gran. In addition, due to the high humidity of the Marine environment, there will be signs of oxidation of the cable head of many explosion-proof electrical products, the internal wiring terminals and the body will rust, and the ground line will be corroded or missing. In view of this situation, we should maintain these equipment in time, and after removing the corrosion rust, anti-corrosion spray should be applied to ensure the integrity of the protective performance. Finally, when using positive pressure explosion-proof electrical equipment, the ventilation source should be taken from non-hazardous areas, and the integrity of the ventilation motor should be checked frequently. However, some positive pressure explosion-proof equipment is directly taken from the wind pressure in the dangerous area when installed. Including the structural changes of explosion-proof electrical equipment, as well as the damage and corrosion of the shell, and even the use of non-explosion-proof electrical equipment problems, for the above problems we should be combined with the actual use of explosion-proof electrical equipment to strengthen management and inspection.

4 Safety and improvement measures of explosion-proof electrical equipment for offshore drilling platforms

4.1 Installation requirements for explosion-proof equipment

Any explosion-proof electrical equipment in the explosion-proof area of the drilling platform must be standardized installation, otherwise it will affect the overall performance of the explosion-proof electrical equipment, and non-standard installation will also lead to the failure of the explosion-proof performance of many explosion-proof electrical products. For example, new equipment to be used in a “potentially explosive gas environment” should be installed according to the standard, the suitable installation standard is IEC60079-14. The inspection and maintenance of electrical equipment in potentially explosive gas environments should be specified in accordance with IEC 60079-17. Devices with the [Ex ia] mark can only be installed in non-hazardous areas (not directly in hazardous areas). In order to ensure safe operation, the minimum requirements for tightening the bolts on the box body of the flame-proof equipment during the power-on test of the Exd equipment are: before operation, all bolts on the box are installed and tightened using a wrench, and gaps are checked.

4.2 Maintenance of explosion-proof electrical equipment

First, the logo. When testing explosion-proof equipment on drilling platforms, mainly if the equipment is labeled II, it can be used on IIA,IIB and IIC. If the equipment is labeled IIA, it can only be used on IIA gas. If the equipment is labeled IIB, it can be used on IIB and IIA If the device is identified as IIC, cocoa is used for all gases IIA,IIB, and IIC. The identification of the equipment is very important, just like our ID card, we must maintain the mark on each piece of explosion-proof electrical equipment, and correct the missing mark in time in daily maintenance. For example, you can order some stainless steel labels containing all the letters and numbers, in the process of daily inspection, if the label is found to be blurred or missing, you can use these labels to identify the equipment in time. It is necessary to keep the explosion-proof electrical explosion-proof certificate and ensure that the explosion-proof electrical equipment in the explosion-proof area has an explosion-proof certificate. If an explosion-proof certificate cannot be provided for the equipment in the hazardous area, the equipment is promised to be dismantled.

4.3 System Maintenance

For the explosion-proof electrical equipment used on the drilling platform, the explosion-proof electrical equipment ledger should be established, and the system maintenance should be carried out. In the daily maintenance, the explosion-proof electrical equipment ledger should be tested one by one and updated in time to ensure that the actual equipment used is consistent with the record on the ledger. After adding explosion-proof equipment on the drilling platform, it is necessary to update the equipment certificate and other information, and add it to the explosion-proof electrical equipment ledger, enter the information into the AMOS maintenance system on the platform, and according to the AMOS work order, the explosion-proof electrical equipment is regularly maintained and recorded, and the same will often remove some explosion-proof electrical equipment on the drilling platform, and remove the explosion-proof electricity After the gas equipment, we also need to remove it from the explosion-proof electrical ledger. After the explosion-proof electrical equipment is repaired, we must also update it in time to ensure the reliability and integrity of the explosion-proof electrical equipment ledger. Every 3 to 5 years, we also need to ask a qualified third-party company to inspect the platform’s explosion-proof electrical equipment and rectify and obtain evidence.

4.4 Install fire gas alarm system in explosion-proof area

On the offshore drilling platform, we should clearly divide the dangerous explosion-proof area according to the drawings of the shipbuilding, and strictly use explosion-proof electrical equipment in the explosion-proof area. In addition, we also need to install H2S, combustible gas, and fire gas alarm systems, and hydrogen sulfide, combustible gas, temperature sensing, and smoke sensing probes should also have good explosion-proof performance, and conduct simulation tests every month, which is easy for the entire platform Explosive gas and other monitoring to ensure the normal function of the alarm system.

Conclusion:

In short, in dangerous areas, such as the mud pool on the offshore drilling platform, the vibrating screen room, the drill floor, the wellhead area may have a large number of explosive mixed gases, the equipment in the dangerous area must be explosion-proof equipment, through strict management of explosion-proof electrical equipment, in the explosion-proof area to develop rigorous safety management measures, regularly require qualified explosion-proof institutions in the explosion-proof area The explosion-proof electrical inspection and rectification, and evidence collection, so as to effectively improve the explosion-proof electrical equipment on the offshore drilling platform explosion-proof performance, and the formation of a systematic management system, such as the platform AMOS maintenance system, regularly self-check the explosion-proof equipment to ensure the safe operation of the drilling platform.

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