{"id":3966,"date":"2025-05-22T22:35:27","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T14:35:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/?page_id=3966"},"modified":"2025-05-22T22:35:34","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T14:35:34","slug":"explosion-protection-in-petrochemical-processes-core-risks-safety-control-technologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/knowledge\/explosion-proof-products-knowledge\/explosion-protection-in-petrochemical-processes-core-risks-safety-control-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"Perlindungan Letupan dalam Proses Petrokimia: Risiko Teras &amp; Teknologi Kawalan Keselamatan"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-27bae773 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Perlindungan Letupan dalam Proses Petrokimia: Risiko Teras &amp; Teknologi Kawalan Keselamatan<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Explosion-Protection-in-Petrochemical-Processes.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3967\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Explosion-Protection-in-Petrochemical-Processes.jpg 800w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Explosion-Protection-in-Petrochemical-Processes-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Explosion-Protection-in-Petrochemical-Processes-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Explosion-Protection-in-Petrochemical-Processes-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. Risiko Letupan Unik dalam Industri Petrokimia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Operasi petrokimia menghadapi risiko letupan yang tinggi disebabkan oleh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Beberapa sumber pencucuhan<\/strong>: Bahan mentah 90%+ mudah terbakar (titik kilat &lt;23\u2103), insiden 68% melibatkan elektrik statik<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kebolehsagaan peralatan<\/strong>: Bekas tekanan 80% menunjukkan kakisan tegasan, kemudahan 45% melebihi jangka hayat perkhidmatan 10 tahun<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kompleksiti proses<\/strong>: Reaksi rantaian 72% berlaku dalam masa 8 saat dalam sistem berterusan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impak berskala mega<\/strong>: Letupan di loji penapisan 10 juta tan boleh menyebabkan kerugian $1B+<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. Kawalan Keselamatan Proses Kritikal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Keselamatan Reaksi Pengoksidaan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bahaya utama<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Suhu autoignisi: Metanol (464\u2103), Asetaldehid (185\u2103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Risiko pembentukan peroksida: penguraian peroksida asetik pada 110\u2103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Langkah pencegahan<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kawalan suhu berlebihan tiga kali ganda (ketepatan \u00b11.5\u2103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Penahan api dua lapisan (kelajuan &gt;500 m\/s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pemantauan peroksida masa nyata (penderia PID)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Keselamatan Proses Hidrogenasi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pencegahan letupan<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aktivasi katalis nikel: O\u2082 &lt;0.5% melalui pembilasan nitrogen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pengesanan hidrogen: Sensor manik katalitik ( julat LEL 0\u2013100%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teknologi mikroreaktor: pengurangan 95% dalam inventori H\u2082<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pengendalian bahan kimia<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Penyimpanan NaBH\u2084: &lt;30% kawalan kelembapan RH<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Larutan Na\u2082S\u2082O\u2084: &lt;25\u2103 dengan pengadun bersarung<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Piawaian Keselamatan Elektrolisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Parameter kritikal klor-alkali<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Standard<\/th><th>Ambang Risiko<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>H\u2082 dalam Cl\u2082<\/td><td>&lt;2.0% per sel<\/td><td>Letupan 5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NH\u2084\u207a dalam larutan garam<\/td><td>&lt;0.3 bahagian per sejuta<\/td><td>Pembentukan NCl\u2083<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suhu amalgam sementara<\/td><td>93\u00b11\u2103<\/td><td>Na pengumpulan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Inovasi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Teknologi sel membran (sifar merkuri)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UPS + bekalan diesel sandaran (masa peralihan 200ms)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Pengurusan Risiko Polimerisasi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Corak kemalangan<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reaksi terlepas kawalan etilena (&gt;300\u2103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kegagalan pengadun polimerisasi VCM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kawalan lanjutan<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sistem Kawalan Teragih (DCS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teknologi pengembangan CO\u2082 superkritikal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sistem pembunuhan kecemasan (tindak balas &lt;2 saat)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Perlindungan Unit FCC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Langkah keselamatan utama<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kawalan Regenerator-Reaktor \u0394P (\u00b13kPa)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pemantauan sirkulasi katalis (densitometer sinar \u03b3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pengaman dandang CO (kawalan trim O\u2082)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keselamatan peralatan<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pemampat udara berlebihan (alih fail 5 saat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pemisah peringkat ketiga (kecekapan 99.99%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ujian emisi akustik (ASTM E1106)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Keselamatan Nitration\/Klorinasi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kawalan nitrasi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gredien suhu asid campuran &lt;75\u2103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reaktor aliran berterusan (masa tinggal &lt;15 saat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Penetralan efluen (pH 6.5\u20137.5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Inovasi klorinasi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reaksi yang diinisiasi oleh UV (penurunan T 150\u2103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pengesanan kebocoran Cl\u2082 berasaskan AI (tindak balas 0.2 saat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dua meterai mekanikal + bellows<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. Perlindungan Letupan dalam Petrokimia: Teknologi Pencegahan Letupan Generasi Seterusnya<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Penyelenggaraan Ramalan IIoT<\/strong>: Pengimejapan getaran + termal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reka Bentuk Keselamatan Terbawa<\/strong>: Mikroreaktor modular<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sistem Kembar Digital<\/strong>: Simulasi dinamik HAZOP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bahan Canggih<\/strong>Penahan api yang dipertingkatkan dengan grafena<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Standard Utama<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>API RP 752 (Penentuan Lokasi Unit Proses)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NFPA 69 (Sistem Pencegahan Letupan)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iecex-certs.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EN 1127-1:2019 (Atmosfera Letupan)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Petua Pakar: Laksana gelung keselamatan SIL 3 untuk proses kritikal dan jalankan kajian LOPA suku tahunan.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Mengamalkan langkah-langkah ini boleh mengurangkan kejadian letupan sebanyak 65%+ berdasarkan data AIChE PSID. Pelaburan keselamatan tahunan yang disyorkan: 2.5\u20133.5TP3T daripada CAPEX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c7d898dd alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produk Berkaitan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-66e4defc alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a42945f9\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-7296296b wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Explosion-proof-high-bay-lights.png ,https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Explosion-proof-high-bay-lights.png 780w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Explosion-proof-high-bay-lights.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Explosion-proof-high-bay-lights.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-1495\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"Lampu bay tinggi kalis letupan\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-4d3efde5\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-c9e90797 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-tri-proof-lights2.png ,https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-tri-proof-lights2.png 780w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-tri-proof-lights2.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-tri-proof-lights2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-1132\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"Lampu LED kalis tiga\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-11c2578b\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-6e8883aa wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LED-Explosion-Proof-Gas-Station-Light.png ,https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LED-Explosion-Proof-Gas-Station-Light.png 780w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LED-Explosion-Proof-Gas-Station-Light.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LED-Explosion-Proof-Gas-Station-Light.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-1501\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"Lampu Stesen Minyak Gas Tahan Letupan LED\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-548945b5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-967755d5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\">Lampu LED kalis letupan<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-9bc52fc2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\">Lampu LED Tri-Proof<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8ffa0a23\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\">Lampu Stesen Minyak Kalis Letupan<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-29499fe0 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-777ee1c7\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-2e9a1851 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/50W-100W-150W-200W-300W-LED-Flood-Light.jpg ,https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/50W-100W-150W-200W-300W-LED-Flood-Light.jpg 780w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/50W-100W-150W-200W-300W-LED-Flood-Light.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/50W-100W-150W-200W-300W-LED-Flood-Light.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-1526\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"Lampu sorot LED 50W 100W 150W 200W 300W\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-af8c8683\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-67947854 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/led-tri-proof-light.png ,https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/led-tri-proof-light.png 780w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/led-tri-proof-light.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/led-tri-proof-light.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-1130\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"cahaya kalis led-tri\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0fdfdd58\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-1187d32d wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-street-light.jpg ,https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-street-light.jpg 780w, https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-street-light.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/LED-street-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-1145\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"Lampu jalan LED\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-6a60882c alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f1e91a35\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\">Lampu sorot LED<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-165bfa58\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\">Lampu Tiub LED Tri-Bukti<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f6096e3b\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/products\/\">Lampu Jalan LED<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-99c0e0a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explosion Protection in Petrochemical Processes: Core Risks &amp; Safety Control Technologies I. Unique Explosion Risks in Petrochemical Industry Petrochemical operations face elevated explosion risks due to: II. Critical Process Safety Controls 1. Oxidation Reaction Safety Key hazards: Prevention measures: 2. Hydrogenation Process Safety Explosion prevention: Chemical handling: 3. Electrolysis Safety Standards Chlor-alkali critical parameters: Parameter [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2374,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3966","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Joe","author_link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/ms\/author\/jacklin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Explosion Protection in Petrochemical Processes: Core Risks &amp; Safety Control Technologies I. 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