Disposición y protección contra explosiones de plantas y almacenes con riesgo de explosión

Layout and explosion protection of explosion-hazardous silos and warehouses

I. Disposición general

1. Explosion risk of Class A, B plant, warehouse should be set up independently, and should be open or semi-open, its load-bearing structure should be reinforced concrete or steel frame, row structure.

2. explosion-hazardous plant layout preferably rectangular, and the prevailing wind direction should be perpendicular or angle of not less than 45 °, in order to effectively utilize the penetrating wind to dissipate explosive gases in the mountainous areas should be arranged on the windward side of the hillside and well-ventilated places.

3. explosion-proof plant should be set up separately, such as must be adjacent to non-explosion-proof plant, only one side of the adjacent, and between the two firewalls or explosion-proof wall separated. Adjacent to the two plants should not be directly connected to the door, in order to avoid the impact of the explosion shock wave.

II. Plano y disposición del espacio

1. Main control room and sub-control room

(1) La sala de control general de las instalaciones con riesgo de explosión de las clases A y B se instalará de forma independiente.

(2) Hay un riesgo de explosión de la clase A, B sala de sub-control de la planta debe establecerse de forma independiente, cuando se establece adyacente a la pared exterior, se debe utilizar límite de resistencia al fuego de no menos de 3,00h fuego pared de separación y otras partes de la separación.

2. Explosion hazardous areas

(1) Existe un riesgo de explosión de las piezas de producción A, B, es conveniente disponerlas en una planta de un solo piso contra la pared exterior de las instalaciones de alivio de presión o planta de varios pisos en el último piso contra la pared exterior de las instalaciones de alivio de presión cercanas.

(2) Existe un riesgo de explosión del equipo debe evitarse en la planta vigas, columnas y otros miembros principales de carga de la disposición.

(3) Los huecos de escalera, las escaleras exteriores o las zonas con riesgo de explosión en la zona con riesgo de explosión deben estar equipados con cubos de puerta y otras medidas de protección. La pared divisoria de la cubeta de la puerta debe ser una pared divisoria ignífuga con límite de resistencia al fuego no inferior a 2,00h, y la puerta debe adoptar la clase A de puerta ignífuga y debe estar escalonada con la puerta del hueco de la escalera.

3. Planta que emite gases combustibles, vapores combustibles

(1) Para las plantas de Categoría A que emitan gases combustibles y vapores inflamables más ligeros que el aire, es conveniente utilizar paneles ligeros en el techo como zona de alivio de presión. El tejado debe ser lo más plano y libre de espacios muertos posible, y el espacio superior de la planta debe estar bien ventilado.

(2) Las plantas de categoría A que emitan gases combustibles y vapores inflamables más pesados que el aire y las plantas de categoría B con riesgo de explosión de polvo y fibras deberán cumplir las siguientes disposiciones:

Deberán utilizarse suelos que no produzcan chispas. Se adoptarán medidas antiestáticas cuando se utilicen materiales aislantes para la superficie general.

Las superficies interiores de las instalaciones que emiten polvo y fibras combustibles deben ser planas, lisas y fáciles de limpiar.

No es conveniente instalar el canalón en la planta, si es necesario instalarlo, la cubierta debe ser hermética, el canalón debe tomar medidas eficaces para evitar que los gases combustibles, vapores combustibles y polvos, fibras se acumulen en el canalón, y debe ser sellado con materiales ignífugos en la conexión con la planta adyacente.

4. Plants and warehouses using, producing or storing liquids of categories A, B and C

(1) Las tuberías y zanjas de las plantas que utilicen y produzcan líquidos de las categorías A, B y C no estarán conectadas con las de las plantas vecinas, y las alcantarillas estarán equipadas con trampas de grasa.

(2) Los almacenes de líquidos de las categorías A, B y C deberán estar equipados con instalaciones que impidan la dispersión de líquidos. Los almacenes de artículos que ardan y exploten al mojarse deberán estar equipados con medidas para evitar la impregnación de agua.

5. Subsuelo, semisótano

(1) Los centros de producción de las clases A y B no deben estar situados bajo tierra ni semienterrados.

(2) Los almacenes de las categorías A y B tampoco deben estar ubicados bajo tierra o semisubterráneos.

III. Alivio de la presión

1. Explosion-hazardous plant or explosion-hazardous parts of the plant should be equipped with pressure relief facilities.

2. Pressure relief facilities should be used lightweight roof panels, lightweight walls and easy to relieve the pressure of the doors, windows, etc., should be used in the explosion of safety glass and other materials that do not produce sharp fragments.

3. Pressure relief facilities should be set up to avoid densely populated places and major traffic roads, and should be close to the parts of the explosion risk.

4. The mass of lightweight roof panels and walls used as pressure relief facilities should not be greater than 60kg/㎡. Pressure relief facilities on the roof should take measures against the accumulation of snow and ice.

5. For Category A plants emitting lighter combustible gases and vapors than the air, it is appropriate to use lightweight roof panels as the pressure relief area. The roof should be as flat as possible, without dead space, and the upper space of the plant should be well ventilated.

IV. Cálculo del área de alivio de presión

Fórmula de cálculo del área de alivio de presión:

A=10CV2/3   A – Pressure relief area (㎡); V – Volume of the plant (m³); C – Pressure relief ratio

(1) Length-to-diameter ratio: the longest dimension of the geometric dimensions of the building plane and its cross-section perimeter of the product and 4.0 times the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the building.

(2) When the length-to-diameter ratio of the plant is greater than 3, it is appropriate to divide the building into multiple calculation sections with length-to-diameter ratios not greater than 3, and the common section in each calculation section shall not be used as the pressure relief area.

V, how to do a good job of high-temperature waterproof fire and explosion-proof measures

Category A and B warehouses are warehouses where hazardous chemicals are stored and where measures against heat, water, fire and explosion are required to ensure safety.

1. Measures against high temperatures: In category A and B warehouses, it should be ensured that the temperature does not exceed the requirements for the storage of hazardous chemicals. The following measures can be taken: installing air-conditioning or ventilation systems inside the warehouse to control the temperature; insulating the warehouse with heat-insulating or heat-insulating materials; and regularly checking and maintaining the cooling equipment to ensure that it operates properly.

2. Waterproofing measures: Category A and B warehouses should be waterproofed to prevent rainwater or other liquids from entering the warehouse and causing chemical leakage or contamination. The following measures can be taken: check the sealing of warehouse roofs and walls and repair any leaks or seepage; ensure that the drainage system is unobstructed and that drains and pipes are cleaned in a timely manner; and install waterproof coatings or flashings where necessary.

3. Fire prevention measures: Category A and B warehouses should be equipped with fire prevention facilities to minimize the risk of fire. The following measures can be taken: installing a fire alarm system to detect and report fires in a timely manner; equipping fire extinguishers, foam fire extinguishing systems or dry powder fire extinguishing systems and other fire-fighting equipment; regularly inspecting and maintaining such equipment to ensure its normal operation; and keeping the aisles in the warehouse clear to facilitate evacuation.

4. Explosion-proof measures: Flammable and explosive substances may be present in category A and B warehouses, and explosion-proof measures need to be taken to protect the safety of personnel and facilities. The following measures can be taken: use explosion-proof electrical equipment, such as explosion-proof switches and explosion-proof lamps; ensure that electrical equipment in the warehouse meets explosion-proof requirements; limit the generation of open flames, static electricity and sparks; and provide appropriate explosion-proof personal protective equipment.

5. Regular inspection and maintenance: Regularly inspect the effectiveness of measures against heat, water, fire and explosion in category A and B warehouses and carry out the necessary maintenance and repairs. Ensure the integrity and normal operation of protective facilities and equipment.

6. Employee training and awareness-raising: Train warehouse staff in the management of hazardous chemicals and safe operation, so that they are aware of the relevant protective measures and response measures in case of emergency. Raise employees’ awareness of the importance of safety and the correct use of protective facilities.

By taking the above measures, the risks of heat, water, fire and explosion in Category A and B warehouses can be minimized and the safe storage and management of hazardous chemicals can be ensured. Meanwhile, regular maintenance and staff training are the key to preventing accidents. Please formulate specific protective measures according to the actual situation in conjunction with professional and technical guidelines and legal and regulatory requirements.