{"id":2181,"date":"2025-03-02T18:42:12","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T10:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/?p=2181"},"modified":"2025-03-06T22:55:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T14:55:15","slug":"explosion-proof-principle-for-electrical-equipment-in-explosive-atmospheres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/explosion-proof-equipment\/explosion-proof-principle-for-electrical-equipment-in-explosive-atmospheres\/","title":{"rendered":"Princip nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Princip nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed jsou specializovan\u00e1 nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou ozna\u010dena symbolem \u201ce\u201d. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd typ nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch podnic\u00edch, kde se vyskytuj\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 plyny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pokud jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed zdroje nep\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed 11 kV (st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e1 efektivn\u00ed hodnota nebo stejnosm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota), za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek nebo rozpoznan\u00fdch abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek nebude vytv\u00e1\u0159et jiskry, oblouky a (nebo) nebezpe\u010dnou vlhkost elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, je povoleno navrhovat a vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tyto podm\u00ednky nespl\u0148uj\u00ed, nen\u00ed dovoleno vyr\u00e1b\u011bt jako nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd typ se zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch kvalifika\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednek nen\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed \u201cnev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9\u201d t\u00edm, \u017ee by se pou\u017eil takzvan\u00fd \u201cnev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd kryt\u201d, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se v souladu s dostate\u010dn\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami nezbytn\u00fdmi pro ho\u0159en\u00ed a v\u00fdbuch mechanicky a\/nebo elektricky zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby se d\u00e1le zv\u00fd\u0161il stupe\u0148 jejich bezpe\u010dnosti a spolehlivosti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enosti vzniku jisker, oblouk\u016f a\/nebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch teplot. Mechanick\u00e1 a (nebo) elektrick\u00e1 zdokonalovac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k dal\u0161\u00edmu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jejich stupn\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti a spolehlivosti, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jejich vzniku jisker, oblouk\u016f a (nebo) mo\u017enosti vzniku nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch teplot, tj. aby elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ijalo a p\u0159edlo\u017eilo \u0159adu konstruk\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f tak, aby se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nestalo zdrojem vzn\u00edcen\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je princip ochrany proti v\u00fdbuchu pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V souladu s principem nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i mus\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit nezbytn\u00e9 a dostate\u010dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na mechanickou konstrukci elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ochranu pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, elektrickou izolaci, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vodi\u010d\u016f, elektrick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a vzd\u00e1lenosti pl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, mezn\u00ed teploty atd., aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u00e1 spolehlivou nev\u00fdbu\u0161nou bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee tento typ nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch typ\u016f elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pod nap\u011bt\u00edm jsou: V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o: st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 motory (v\u010detn\u011b to\u010div\u00fdch motor\u016f, transform\u00e1tor\u016f a solenoid\u016f atd.); lampy a sv\u00edtidla (v\u010detn\u011b lamp a sv\u00edtidel se \u0161patn\u00fdm induk\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159ed\u0159adn\u00edkem); odporov\u00e1 topn\u00e1 t\u011blesa; typ bateri\u00ed; typ p\u0159ipojovac\u00edch (podru\u017en\u00fdch) vodi\u010d\u016f (krabic); p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 transform\u00e1tory proudu a nep\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 transform\u00e1tory proudu. Krom\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt vyrobena z tohoto typu nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho typu, by m\u011bli nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00ed elektrotechni\u010dt\u00ed projektanti a v\u00fdrobci krom\u011b obecn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd typ spl\u0148ovat tak\u00e9 \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato dodate\u010dn\u00e1 technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed po\u017eadavky by m\u011bly v z\u00e1sad\u011b zahrnovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Parametry pou\u017eit\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fdch v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch instalace nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit 2\/3 jejich jmenovit\u00fdch hodnot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Sou\u010d\u00e1stka, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed teplo, nesm\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 teploty p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed mezn\u00ed teplotu a nesm\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat okoln\u00ed obvodovou jednotku (konstrukci, parametry, izolaci). \u2462 Odporov\u00fd prvek by m\u011bl b\u00fdt filmov\u00fd nebo dr\u00e1tov\u00fd rezistor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 Induk\u010dn\u00ed prvek by m\u011bl m\u00edt opat\u0159en\u00ed zabra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vzniku zp\u011btn\u00e9 elektromotorick\u00e9 s\u00edly v okam\u017eiku rozpojen\u00ed obvodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2464 Kondenz\u00e1torov\u00e9 prvky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt kondenz\u00e1tory s pevn\u00fdm izola\u010dn\u00edm dielektrikem, elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory a tantalov\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory se nesm\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(vi) Sp\u00ednac\u00ed prvky jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdmi kryty atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b nejsou tyto nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 typy klasifikov\u00e1ny jako nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby lze po\u017eadovanou \u00farove\u0148 nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti ur\u010dit\u00e9ho typu elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010dit zkou\u0161kami, nap\u0159\u00edklad vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 nebo velkokapacitn\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 motory se zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed jsou takov\u00e9, \u017ee je lze zkou\u0161kami za\u0159adit tak\u00e9 do t\u0159\u00eddy \u2161A, t\u0159\u00eddy \u2161B nebo t\u0159\u00eddy \u2161C. Typ se zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed proti v\u00fdbuchu by v\u0161ak m\u011bl m\u00edt odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed stupe\u0148 ochrany za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u0159\u00eddu b nebo t\u0159\u00eddu C; v praxi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyj\u00e1d\u0159en tak\u00e9 jako t\u0159\u00edda Gb nebo t\u0159\u00edda Gc. Kryt zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je \u010dasto vyroben z plechu (nap\u0159. n\u011bkter\u00e9 ocelov\u00e9 profily a profily z hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny), litiny, hlin\u00edkov\u00e9ho odlitku a technick\u00fdch plast\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prodej nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f na trhu st\u00e1le nespl\u0148uje konstruk\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch norem. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text je pouze ze struktury \u00farovn\u011b anal\u00fdzy, jak prov\u011b\u0159it pravost nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch slo\u017een\u00fdch nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd kryt \u201cd<\/strong>\u201d pro elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, typ nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd, pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vydr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jak\u00e9koliv spoje nebo konstruk\u010dn\u00ed mezery do pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00fdbuch v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 sm\u011bsi ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm v\u00fdbuchu bez po\u0161kozen\u00ed a nezp\u016fsob\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jedn\u00edm nebo v\u00edce plyny nebo parami vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi vznikem v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho plynn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vzn\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost typu \u201ce\u201d <\/strong>je nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd typ elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tj. jsou p\u0159ijata dodate\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo mo\u017enosti vzniku nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch teplot, oblouk\u016f a jisker p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m provozu nebo za stanoven\u00fdch abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo Ex sou\u010d\u00e1sti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 typy, m\u011bly by nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 zna\u010dky obsahovat v\u0161echny pou\u017eit\u00e9 symboly nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho typu, symboly nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho typu by m\u011bly b\u00fdt uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny v abecedn\u00edm po\u0159ad\u00ed, mezi nimi by m\u011bl b\u00fdt mal\u00fd odstup. V praxi se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00e9 (Ex d e) nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed obecn\u011b dv\u011b konstrukce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, jako jsou nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 rozvodn\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b pro osv\u011btlen\u00ed (nap\u00e1jen\u00ed), nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u011b\u010de atd., jsou tvo\u0159eny kombinac\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 dutiny a dutiny zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost. Tato struktura pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, resp. pou\u017eit\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho typu nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee. 2. Dutina se zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed instalovan\u00e1 uvnit\u0159 nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch nebo nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch kompozitn\u00edch Ex sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako jsou nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de osv\u011btlen\u00ed, nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 korozivzdorn\u00e9 sloupy a dal\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. Tato konstrukce je hlavn\u00edm t\u011blesem elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161enou bezpe\u010dnost, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Ex komponenty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd nebo nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd typ, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee.
    \u00a0\u00a0Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee struktura zaveden\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159es hlavu a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed instalovan\u00e9ho mezi pry\u017eov\u00fdm t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm a p\u0159es \u0161roub z vnit\u0159n\u00edho upevn\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jak je uvedeno n\u00ed\u017ee, nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    V d\u016fsledku toho, pokud je na v\u00fdrobn\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtku za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti typu nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti pro nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd kompozitn\u00ed typ Zengan a existence n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed struktury, lze ur\u010dit, \u017ee v\u00fdrobek nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na nev\u00fdbu\u0161nost: 1. jednopl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v \u00favodu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je struktura zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e1 na obr\u00e1zku 3 a vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost jisti\u010d\u016f, nap\u00e1jec\u00edch modul\u016f, domovn\u00edch z\u00e1str\u010dek, ne jiskrov\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch obvodov\u00fdch desek a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1paln\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Odpov\u011b\u010f: Kryt s v\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou strukturou nelze pou\u017e\u00edt jako nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd kryt a uvnit\u0159 krytu zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho bezpe\u010dnost nelze instalovat zapalovac\u00ed prvky, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Jednokomorov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zaveden\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed existuje v konfiguraci zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9 na obr\u00e1zku 4 a neobsahuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed prvek s nev\u00fdbu\u0161nou konstrukc\u00ed.
        Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: P\u0159\u00edstroj nem\u00e1 nev\u00fdbu\u0161nou konstrukci a neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9mu typu v ozna\u010den\u00ed nev\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Explosion-proof principle for electrical equipment in explosive atmospheres Increased safety electrical equipment is a specialized explosion-proof type of explosion-proof electrical equipment, indicated by the symbol “e”. It is a widely used type of explosion-proof electrical equipment in industrial enterprises where flammable gases are present. 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