{"id":4051,"date":"2025-06-24T16:54:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T08:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/?page_id=4051"},"modified":"2025-06-24T16:57:39","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T08:57:39","slug":"co-je-ucinik-vedl-osvetleni-ucinik-klicove-informace","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/znalosti\/vedl-svetlo-znalosti\/co-je-ucinik-vedl-osvetleni-ucinik-klicove-informace\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to \u00fa\u010din\u00edk? Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 informace o \u00fa\u010din\u00edku LED osv\u011btlen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Co je to <\/strong>\u00da\u010din\u00edk<\/strong>?<\/strong> <\/strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 informace o faktoru v\u00fdkonu LED osv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

I<\/strong>ntroductory<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk je pom\u011br u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu (tj. sou\u010dinu nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu) ke zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu a jeho hodnota se pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 0 a\u017e 1. Obvykle m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010din\u00edk LED osv\u011btlen\u00ed dosahovat hodnoty 0,95, nebo dokonce 0,97 a\u017e 0,99, tak\u017ee se mu v pr\u016fmyslu nev\u011bnuje takov\u00e1 pozornost jako jin\u00fdm parametr\u016fm (nap\u0159. sv\u011bteln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti, p\u0159\u00edkonu, \u010do\u010dk\u00e1m atd.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na trhu jsou v\u0161ak st\u00e1le k dispozici n\u011bkter\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1rovky a tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 LED \u017e\u00e1rovky s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010din\u00edkem. Tato sv\u00edtidla zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm proudem, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f, aby se omezilo zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed veden\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a probl\u00e9my s poklesem nap\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e vede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na v\u00fdstavbu v obc\u00edch. P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b a regiony \u00fa\u010dtuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edplatky za jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon, domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 zlep\u0161it \u00fa\u010din\u00edk dod\u00e1vek elektrick\u00e9 energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm si mus\u00edme ujasnit, co je to \u00fa\u010din\u00edk a jak\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam. Mus\u00edme tak\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, za jak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed jsou LED diody z hlediska \u00fa\u010din\u00edku v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee LED sv\u00edtidla nemaj\u00ed v\u017edy vysok\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je to \u00fa\u010din\u00edk?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk je pom\u011br \u010dinn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu (tj. sou\u010dinu nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu) a zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu ve st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9m obvodu. Je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd parametr pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a kvality elektriza\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. \u010cinn\u00fd v\u00fdkon je v\u00fdkon v syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd se skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k pr\u00e1ci, zat\u00edmco zd\u00e1nliv\u00fd v\u00fdkon je celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu a jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu (v\u00fdkon zp\u016fsoben\u00fd f\u00e1zov\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem mezi proudem a nap\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00fd obvykle nevykon\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eite\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle vzorce pro \u00fa\u010din\u00edk (\u00fa\u010din\u00edk = \u010dinn\u00fd v\u00fdkon \/ zd\u00e1nliv\u00fd v\u00fdkon) v\u00edme, \u017ee hodnota \u00fa\u010din\u00edku se pohybuje mezi 0 a 1, co\u017e zahrnuje i \u00fa\u010din\u00edk osv\u011btlen\u00ed LED.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U \u010dist\u011b odporov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee je \u00fa\u010din\u00edk roven 1, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud jsou ve f\u00e1zi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00fd proud je vyu\u017eit k u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed. U induktivn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed (nap\u0159. motor\u016f, transform\u00e1tor\u016f atd.) a kapacitn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed (nap\u0159. kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f atd.) v\u0161ak proud zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 za nap\u011bt\u00edm nebo ho p\u0159evy\u0161uje, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdkonu nen\u00ed efektivn\u011b vyu\u017eita a \u00fa\u010din\u00edk bude ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1. N\u00edzk\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v obvodu je velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, co\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty v nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ve veden\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edku proto pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu energie v s\u00edti a zlep\u0161it \u00fa\u010dinnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a kvalitu dod\u00e1vky energie. V praxi lze \u00fa\u010din\u00edk zlep\u0161it kompenzac\u00ed jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, optimalizac\u00ed provozn\u00edho re\u017eimu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk osv\u011btlen\u00ed LED - \u010dinn\u00fd a jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d se zaj\u00edm\u00e1me o \u00fa\u010din\u00edk?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk m\u00e1 v energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru se jeho v\u00fdznam odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch aspektech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed energie:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i nekorigovan\u00e9m \u00fa\u010din\u00edku (tj. p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9m \u00fa\u010din\u00edku) doch\u00e1z\u00ed v elektriza\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b k velk\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. Tento neu\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon se p\u0159i pr\u016ftoku v obvodu p\u0159\u00edmo nep\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na u\u017eite\u010dnou mechanickou nebo tepelnou energii, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fd proud v elektrick\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tento dodate\u010dn\u00fd proud zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 odpory uvnit\u0159 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zvy\u0161uje spot\u0159ebu energie za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edku naopak sni\u017euje ztr\u00e1ty jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, a t\u00edm zvy\u0161uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Sn\u00ed\u017eit zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edku osv\u011btlen\u00ed LED sni\u017euje jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon v s\u00edti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. To m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro stabiln\u00ed provoz energetick\u00e9 soustavy a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako je p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a poruchy v s\u00edti. Naopak n\u00edzk\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu proudu v s\u00edti, co\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje stabilitu energetick\u00e9 soustavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vysok\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk prodlu\u017euje \u017eivotnost elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sni\u017euje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed. Je-li \u00fa\u010din\u00edk p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fd, vznik\u00e1 v obvodu velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, co\u017e vede k siln\u00e9mu zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jak s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tak za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed energii nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1da prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysokou teplotou. Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota urychluje st\u00e1rnut\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek, co\u017e vede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nebo dokonce k jejich po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, n\u00edzk\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk nejen pl\u00fdtv\u00e1 energi\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00edzk\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk v d\u016fsledku r\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00edzk\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u00edk je zp\u016fsoben p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00edm induktivn\u00edch a kapacitn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1stek. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze rozd\u011blit na induktivn\u00ed a kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u010dtu induktivn\u00edch a kapacitn\u00edch prvk\u016f. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem induktivn\u00edch prvk\u016f jsou induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, zat\u00edmco za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem kapacitn\u00edch prvk\u016f jsou kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cist\u011b odporov\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b induk\u010dn\u00edch a kapacitn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed existuje \u0159ada za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f a sv\u00edtidel, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dist\u011b odporov\u00e9 (tj. \u010dist\u011b ohmick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee). Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, u nich\u017e obvod obsahuje pouze odporov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. P\u0159i nap\u00e1jen\u00ed obvodu vznik\u00e1 pouze tepeln\u00e1 a sv\u011bteln\u00e1 energie a elektrick\u00e1 energie se nep\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na jin\u00e9 formy energie. V \u010dist\u011b odporov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei se proud a nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed synchronn\u011b, tj. jsou ve f\u00e1zi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mezi proudem a nap\u011bt\u00edm nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd f\u00e1zov\u00fd rozd\u00edl, a proto je \u00fa\u010din\u00edk roven 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u010dist\u011b odporov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee je \u017e\u00e1rovka. P\u0159i sv\u00edcen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1rovky se elektrick\u00e1 energie p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na teplo a sv\u011btlo, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e teplo vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku pr\u016fchodu proudu odporov\u00fdm vodi\u010dem. Proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1rovky jsou \u010dist\u011b odporovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed, jejich \u00fa\u010din\u00edk se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 1, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1rovky jsou schopny \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat elektrickou energii a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat ji na sv\u011btlo\/teplo, ani\u017e by generovaly velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1rovky maj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btelnou \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee jsou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed induktivn\u00edch slo\u017eek v obvodu a jsou jednou z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din n\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010din\u00edku za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Mezi induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed motory, transform\u00e1tory a c\u00edvky atd., kter\u00e9 p\u0159i provozu vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, je\u017e zp\u016fsobuje zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed proudu za nap\u011bt\u00edm. Toto zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje f\u00e1zov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi proudem a nap\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010din\u00edk. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee jsou HID lampy, jejich\u017e elektromagnetick\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u0159adn\u00edky jsou ze sv\u00e9 podstaty induktivn\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek \u00fa\u010din\u00edk, kter\u00fd se obvykle pohybuje kolem 0,7 nebo dokonce pod 0,5. Do t\u00e9to kategorie spadaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 LED lampy, i kdy\u017e LED osv\u011btlen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u00fa\u010din\u00edk 0,97.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Induktivn\u00ed a kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee jsou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee s velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem kapacitn\u00edch prvk\u016f v obvodu. Na rozd\u00edl od induktivn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee (nap\u0159. kondenz\u00e1tory) p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed proudu nap\u011bt\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zlep\u0161uje \u00fa\u010din\u00edk. Pokud je v\u0161ak kapacitn\u00ed reaktance p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, tak\u017ee je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e induktivn\u00ed reaktance, pak proud p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed o velk\u00fd f\u00e1zov\u00fd \u00fahel, co\u017e m\u00e1 op\u011bt za n\u00e1sledek pokles \u00fa\u010din\u00edku. \u010casto se do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou regul\u00e1tory LED, p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 kompenzuj\u00ed jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon a zlep\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edk LED osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1klady \u00fa\u010din\u00edku<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159edchoz\u00edch dvou \u010d\u00e1stech jsme se dozv\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost induktivn\u00edch a kapacitn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1stek v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edku za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jak\u00e9 jsou tedy konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fvody? N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy v obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jsou v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomny induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee (tj. sou\u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, jako jsou motory, transform\u00e1tory a induktory), proud proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed t\u011bmito za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, kter\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 energii. P\u0159edstav\u00edme-li si magnetick\u00e9 pole jako v\u011bdro a proud jako vodu, kdy\u017e oto\u010d\u00edme kohoutkem, voda za\u010dne t\u00e9ct do v\u011bdra, ale v\u011bdro se nenapln\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to proto, \u017ee chv\u00edli trv\u00e1, ne\u017e voda za\u010dne t\u00e9ct a napln\u00ed kbel\u00edk. Podobn\u011b kdy\u017e induk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed prot\u00e9k\u00e1 proud, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se v n\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, ale trv\u00e1 n\u011bjakou dobu, ne\u017e se vytvo\u0159\u00ed. Tento proud v d\u016fsledku vytvo\u0159en\u00ed magnetick\u00e9ho pole se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201cinduk\u010dn\u00ed jalov\u00fd proud\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento proud se ve skute\u010dnosti nep\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na u\u017eite\u010dnou energii pro z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, ale ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v magnetick\u00e9m poli. Mezi t\u00edmto proudem a nap\u011bt\u00edm je f\u00e1zov\u00fd rozd\u00edl, tj. nap\u011bt\u00ed se za\u010dalo m\u011bnit, ale proud je\u0161t\u011b nedos\u00e1hl velikosti zm\u011bny nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U induk\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed mohou tyto komponenty (nap\u0159. elektromotory) v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie v s\u00edti, i kdy\u017e samotn\u00fd motor tolik energie nespot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1. Je to proto, \u017ee induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed krom\u011b \u010dinn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu i jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo k v\u00fdkonu, ale k udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed magnetick\u00e9ho pole uvnit\u0159 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku p\u0159\u00edtomnosti induk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v syst\u00e9mu cirkuluje proud, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje n\u00e1r\u016fst celkov\u00e9 energie (zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu) v syst\u00e9mu. Proto\u017ee induktivn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon, mus\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 dod\u00e1vat v\u00edce proudu, aby uspokojila pot\u0159eby za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. To vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie v s\u00edti, p\u0159esto\u017ee motor s\u00e1m o sob\u011b tolik energie nespot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto je t\u0159eba p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed a provozov\u00e1n\u00ed induk\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed zohlednit vliv jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila \u00fa\u010dinnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eila spot\u0159eba energie v s\u00edti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edk u osv\u011btlen\u00ed LED<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159edchoz\u00edch dvou \u010d\u00e1stech jsme popsali, co je to \u00fa\u010din\u00edk, pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd a jak rozd\u00edly \u00fa\u010din\u00edku ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak\u00e9 faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edk LED sv\u00edtidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00edch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u016f<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj LED m\u00e1 jako hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00edtidla v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na \u00fa\u010din\u00edk LED sv\u00edtidla. Je to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee v nap\u00e1jec\u00edm zdroji je v\u00edce induktivn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1stek ne\u017e v jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00edtidla. \u0158\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky LED od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u016f se v\u0161ak zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010din\u00edkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fa\u010din\u00edk zdroj\u016f Infinity \u0159ady EUM m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat hodnoty 0,97 nebo dokonce vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, zat\u00edmco \u00fa\u010din\u00edk zdroj\u016f MOSO \u0159ady MXG m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat pouze 0,95. R\u016fzn\u00e9 \u0159ady LED regul\u00e1tor\u016f od stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce se tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, pokud jde o jejich \u00fa\u010din\u00edk. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj D4i od spole\u010dnosti Igor EBS-080S105BT2 m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat PF 0,98.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160patn\u011b nakonfigurovan\u00fd zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk t\u00e9ho\u017e zdroje se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch konfigurac\u00edch sv\u00edtidel zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Konfigurace sv\u00edtidla zde z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na stupni p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee sv\u00edtidla a LED regul\u00e1toru. Z n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 tabulky je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e sv\u00edtidla, t\u00edm hor\u0161\u00ed je hodnota PF. Vezmeme-li jako p\u0159\u00edklad sv\u00edtidlo EUM-075S105DG, pak p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sv\u00edtidla 72 W (celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon sv\u00edtidla je 80 W) m\u016f\u017ee hodnota PF dos\u00e1hnout 0,97. Pokud se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e sv\u00edtidla sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na 60 W, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se hodnota PF na 0,96, a pokud se nad\u00e1le sni\u017euje na 50 W, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se hodnota PF na 0,95 nebo je\u0161t\u011b n\u00ed\u017ee. V tomto okam\u017eiku je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj EUM-050 k ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho LED modulu, abyste dos\u00e1hli lep\u0161\u00ed hodnoty PF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk regul\u00e1toru LED<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed funkce stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Funkce stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u00edtidlech LED je hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na. A\u010dkoli stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u0161et\u0159it energii, je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost tak\u00e9 jeho vlivu na \u00fa\u010din\u00edk (PF). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b osv\u011btlen\u00ed vozovek se u pouli\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edtidel LED sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdkon, aby se minimalizovalo p\u0159esv\u011btlen\u00ed, kdy\u017e po p\u016flnoci klesne provoz. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je osv\u011btlen\u00ed sklad\u016f, kde pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 sv\u00edtidla LED upravuj\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdkon podle obsazenosti prostoru (obsazen\u00fd nebo neobsazen\u00fd), aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obvykle, kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba osv\u011btlen\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e1, sv\u00edtidla LED sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdkon zm\u011bnou v\u00fdstupu regul\u00e1toru LED, aby se u\u0161et\u0159ila energie, tj. sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se v\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon regul\u00e1toru LED. Z druh\u00e9ho bodu lze pochopit, \u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edku LED sv\u00edtidel. Doporu\u010duje se, aby v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nep\u0159ekro\u010dilo 50%. Pokud je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 50%, je t\u0159eba zajistit rovnov\u00e1hu mezi \u00fasporou energie a hodnotou \u00fa\u010din\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shr\u0148te<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010din\u00edk je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm parametrem pro omezen\u00ed jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, je ukazatelem porovn\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho, zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9ho a jalov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. LED regul\u00e1tory dosahuj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, pokud jde o \u00fa\u010din\u00edk, d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho korektoru \u00fa\u010din\u00edku (PFC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00ed dodavatel\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch jednotek LED maj\u00ed v t\u00e9to oblasti r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a v\u00fdrobc\u016fm sv\u00edtidel LED se doporu\u010duje, aby je prozkoumali. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bychom se m\u011bli sna\u017eit vyhnout se n\u00edzk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010din\u00edku v d\u016fsledku nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 konfigurace sv\u00edtidel (p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho se hodnoty \u00fa\u010din\u00edku LED sv\u00edtidel p\u0159i pln\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Domn\u00edv\u00e1me se v\u0161ak, \u017ee ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edk LED sv\u00edtidel nen\u00ed p\u0159i stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vzhledem k odeb\u00edran\u00e9mu vstupn\u00edmu proudu probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed produkty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Sv\u011btla LED odoln\u00e1 proti v\u00fdbuchu<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Trojit\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 sv\u011btla LED<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Sv\u011btla \u010derpac\u00edch stanic odoln\u00e1 proti v\u00fdbuchu<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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LED sv\u011btla pro zaplaven\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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LED Tri-Proof Tube Lights<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Pouli\u010dn\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed LED<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is Power Factor? LED Lighting Power Factor Key Information Introductory Power factor is the ratio of useful power (i.e., the product of voltage and current) to apparent power, and its value ranges from 0 to 1. Typically, the power factor of LED lighting can reach 0.95, or even 0.97 to 0.99, so it does not […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2984,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4051","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Joe","author_link":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/author\/jacklin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"What is Power Factor? LED Lighting Power Factor Key Information Introductory Power factor is the ratio of useful power (i.e., the product of voltage and current) to apparent power, and its value ranges from 0 to 1. Typically, the power factor of LED lighting can reach 0.95, or even 0.97 to 0.99, so it does not…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4051"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4063,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4051\/revisions\/4063"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/led.amasly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}